Gas Detection Strategies

1. Gas Detection Strategies Overview of Selection Criteria for Gas Detection Systems

2. Which Gas Detection Technology is best for my application? What criteria is important to me? How do I understand the specifications that are given to me? How do I choose?

3. Understand that there are different technologies for most gases Understand that some technologies do not work for certain gases Examples: FTIR cannot detect diatomic molecules (Cl2, Br2) Example: Paper Tape (Chemcassettes) cannot detect Hydrogen Which Technology is Best for my Application?

4. Develop a selection criteria and use it to evaluate the different technologies Make sure you are comparing apples with apples – many suppliers call data by the same name but calculate it differently Which Technology is Best for my Application?

5. Questions to Consider Before We Begin Review Fab Monitoring Locations -- Tool Exhaust -- Fab Ambient Air -- VMB -- Gas Cabinet -- Subfab Ambient -- Pump Housings -- Process Protection Applications Do You Want the Same Criteria for Each Location? Developing Selection Criteria

6. What is Important for the Application (Usually Same List / Sometimes Different Priorities) Specificity Speed of Response Lower Detectable Limits Reliability Accuracy Cost of Ownership Initial Cost of Capital Investment Developing Selection Criteria

7. Establish a Spreadsheet for each Monitoring Application (Ambient, Exhaust, Gas Cabinet, etc.) List your Criteria Rank your Criteria Sort your list by Rank Evaluate each technology by the criteria Choose the technology that best meets your needs Developing Selection Criteria

8. Developing Selection Criteria

9. Developing Selection Criteria

10. You May Ask Yourself……. Specificity? Speed of Response? Reliability? Accuracy? Lower Detectible Limits? What Does Do These Terms Really Mean to Gas Detection? Developing Selection Critera

11. No cross sensitivities to other substances commonly used in a semiconductor fab Review manufacturer data – this information should be published and readily available Be sure to include non toxics in your review such as cleaning solvents!!! They may have undesirable effects on your gas detection system. Specificity

12. Speed of response is the most difficult data to compare between technologies Several factors affect speed data Data often stated differently from technology to technology, makes comparison difficult Hidden technical aspects unique to each technology Speed of Response

13. Statements of Response 30 seconds at TLV Response time usually varies over the range of the technology, slower at lower concentrations, faster at higher concentrations T90 in 30 seconds Sensors responds to 90% of the concentration in 30 seconds, hits a response peak, levels out and very slowly responds to the last 10%. If the leak concentration borders around the TLV, you may only detect 90% of TLV, and not actuate an alarm Speed of Response

14. Statements of Response Other Factors to Consider Some technologies respond to a leak at the end of a fixed period Some have to verify the leak if other cross interferences are present, adding to the time to alarm Many technologies do not have the same response time over the lifespan – they are quick when first installed but become slower, more sluggish the longer they are installed in the field. When recalibrated at specific intervals, concentration response is measured but many test companies do not log the time to response, showing that the sensor is responding much slower than expected. Speed of Response

15. Statements of Response Other Factors to consider (continued) Some technologies are not continuous, so the time it takes to scan between points needs to be added in Beware of suppliers who tell you their response is “instantaneous” – that is NOT data! Ask them to define instantaneous with data. You will find it means 10, 20, 30 seconds. Speed of Response

16. LDL is important to semiconductor industry due to high air flow rats High air flows can dilute gases to a level undetectable by some technologies No monitor starts at “zero” – every has a level between zero and LDL which is electronic noise where they cannot reliably detect. Question 0-100 as a monitoring range. Lower Detectable Limit

17. High air flows can dry out /cause false detections on some technologies Cross-sensitivities Drift (caused by temperature, humidity, air flow) RF interference can cause false positive detections Reliability

18. Look for extensive self-diagnostics that can compensate for known problems Can the detector compensate for drift and translate it as a maintenance issue not a false gas alarm? Can the detector identify problems that could cause it to miss a gas detection (paper tape – out of tape, electrochemical – dried or failed sensors, FTIR – spectrums overlapping the target gas detection wave length area) Reliability

19. Gas detection should have a stated accuracy specification Example: +/- 10% the direct reading Example: +/- 10% at TLV These statements do NOT mean the same thing! Accuracy

20. Example: minimum of 2% full scale drift per month Point: Understand what this means – if the technology has a narrow monitoring range, and is maintained every 6 months, the sensor could easily drift into the alarm range. If the sensor has a large scale, probably not a big problem. Accuracy

21. Cost of consumables Cost of labor – ask for an estimated # of hours per point and compare by using a standard labor rate Example: .25 hr per point x 500 points x $25.00 a hr. Don’t forget to add time to suit up and move around in the fab! Cost of Ownership

22. When comparing this cost it is helpful to average it with the cost of ownership over 5 years. Many technologies are expensive up front but inexpensive to maintain Many technologies are inexpensive up front but expensive to maintain Initial Investment Cost

23. Understand your Trade Offs!

24. Back To Our Initial Question! Establish what your corporate requirements and priorities are Work with suppliers to understand the data you are being asked to review Correlate the data with your priorities to make your selection How Do I Choose?