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FUTURE

FUTURE. Which way you choose to describe sth depends on: function (request, promise, offer.) how you see the future event/situation. (e.g. is it a fixed event that cannot be changed?) level of formality (will is usually more formal.). The shop closes at 3 pm tomorrow.

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FUTURE

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  1. FUTURE

  2. Which way you choose to describe sth depends on: • function (request, promise, offer.) • how you see the future event/situation. (e.g. is it a fixed event that cannot be changed?) • level of formality (will is usually more formal.)

  3. The shop closes at 3 pm tomorrow. The shop will close at 3 pm tomorrow. The shop is closing at 3 pm tomorrow. The shop is going to close at 3 pm tomorrow.

  4. WILL • It looks as if Jake will lose his job. prediction based on personal opinions • The factory will open in July. future fact • I know! I’ll ask for a pay-rise tomorrow. decisions made at the moment of speaking • I’ll help you with the advertising campaign offers

  5. Will you give a presentation on the sales figures? requests • No, I won’t give a presentation on the sales figures. refusals (won’t)

  6. Shall - offers and suggestions in question form, with I and we. Shall I help you with the advertising campaign? (offer) Shall we continue next week? (suggestion) • Would/could/can – for requests instead of will. Will/would/could/can you open the window? • Couldn’t/can’t – for refusals instead of won’t No, I won’t/couldn’t/can’t give a presentation.

  7. BE GOING TO • Look at that wall. It looks as if it’s going to fall down. prediction based on present evidence • I’m going to get my degree, then get a job. intention

  8. PRESENT CONTINUOUS • I’m meeting Fiona on Friday to discuss things arrangements • I’m asking for a pay rise tomorrow. intentions

  9. PRESENT SIMPLE • The conference starts on Monday. fixed future events (timetables and schedules)

  10. FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE • It looks as if Jake will have lost his job by the end of the week. completed situations before a certain time • This time next month, I’ll have worked here for 25 years. continuing situation up to a certain time

  11. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS • This time next month, I’ll have been working here for 25 years. continuing situations up to a certain time (emphasis on duration)

  12. FUTURE CONTINUOUS • This time next week I’ll be flying to Paris. situations in progress at a certain time in future • The company Chairperson will be arriving on Thursday. situations which will happen in the future in the normal course of events • I think that, in future, more and more people will be commuting to work by plane. habits or repeated actions at a point in future

  13. TIME CLAUSES After time words and phrases: when, while, once, as soon as, before, after etc. do NOT use will or be going to. I’ll give you a pay rise when you start working harder. (present simple) I’ll give you a pay rise once you’re bringing in three customers a week. (present continuous) I’ll give you a pay rise as soon as you’ve proved you’re a hard worker. (present perfect) I won’t give you a pay rise untilyou’ve been working here for 3 years. (present perfect continous)

  14. OTHER WAYS TO EXPRESS FUTURE • be (just) about to – for (very) near future I’m just about to leave. • be (just) on the point/verge of – for (very)near future She’s just on the point /verge of losing her temper. • be due to – for formal arrangements; expected to happen at a particular time I’m due to meet my boss at 11. When is the baby due?

  15. be set to – be expected or ready to happen He was set to make his debut in yesterday’s match but he injured himself. • be to do - official plans; pre-condition The president is to give a speech. If we are to go there on time we must hurry. • be bound to – be certain to happen • If you don’t study, you’re bound to fail.

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