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Review PN 142

Review PN 142. Test 1. A&P. Endocrine System General. Multiple Response. Which of the following are considered “endocrine” glands? A. K idney B. Ovaries C. Pituitary gland D. Thymus gland. True/False.

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Review PN 142

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  1. Review PN 142 Test 1

  2. A&P Endocrine System General

  3. Multiple Response • Which of the following are considered “endocrine” glands? • A. Kidney • B. Ovaries • C. Pituitary gland • D. Thymus gland

  4. True/False • Chvostek’s sign is a carpal spasm caused by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the client’s systolic pressure, leaving it in place for 3 minutes, and noting the response.

  5. Multiple Choice The endocrine system is composed of groups of cells secreting substances: • A. via a small duct into the bloodstream • B. that first pass through the liver on their way to other organs • C. directly into the blood or lymph fluid • D. called neurotransmitters

  6. Multiple Choice • Hormones are chemical substances that: • A. are secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas • B. target only the Nervous System • C. initiate or regulate the activity of another organ, system, or gland in another part of the body • D. are a descriptor for a symptom that begins and ends abruptly

  7. True/False • Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to a target organ causing a metabolic change to occur.

  8. Multiple Response • Hormones affect which of the following: • A. Maintenance of vital functions of the body • B. Response to stress and injury • C. Growth and development • D. Fluid and electrolyte balance

  9. Multiple Choice • Information is constantly being exchanged between the target organ and pituitary gland via the bloodstream re: the effect of the hormone on the target organ. Through a special process, the pituitary controls the other endocrine glands. This process is called: • A. Positive Feedback System • B. Hypothalmic loop • C. Negative Feedback System • D. The Catacholemine Sensory System

  10. Other • List the 6 hormones of the anterior pituitary lobe:

  11. Other • List the 2 hormones of the posterior pituitary lobe:

  12. Fill - In • There are 2 hormones produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland: These are _________ and __________. ___________ promotes release of ______and stimulates _________ ____________ during labor. ______________, also known as “___________”, causes ___________ to conserve water  ____________ urine production.

  13. Matching • Each layer of the adrenal cortex secretes a hormone called a “steroid”. Match the following steroids with their particular function(s): • Mineralocorticoids • Glucocorticoids • Androgen • Estrogen • Function(s): • A. reserve energy in time of stress • B. male hormone • C. affects water and electrolyte balance • D. manages BP • E. glucose metabolism • F. antiinflammatory • G. female hormone

  14. Multiple Choice • Adrenal Medulla secretes 2 hormones that are significant during times of stress. These are: • A. glucose and glucagon • B. epinephrine and mineralocorticoid • C. epinephrine and norepinephrine • D. Insulin and Thymosin

  15. Multiple Response • Thyroid hormones are responsible for which of the following functions? • A. growth and development • B. metabolism • C. activation of the nervous system • D. Produces PTH

  16. Multiple Choice • The function of thyroid hormones is controlled by the release of ____ from the pituitary gland: • A. FSH • B. LH • C. TSH • D. GH

  17. Multiple Response • The Parathyroid Glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. It has the following functions: • A. controls metabolic rate • B. controls Ca++ and Ph metabolism • C. influences fat and protein metabolism • D. produces T3

  18. Multiple Choice • An imbalance of PTH can affect the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems. When the serum Ca++ level is too low, nerve cells become excitable and muscles receive too many impulses  _____________. • A. Trousseau’s sign • B. Chvostek’s sign • C. Tetany • D. Somogyi effect

  19. Fill In • When serum Ca++ is too high, it can cause  ____________ and __________. • A. spasms and seizures • B. Slowed digestion and regurgitation • C. Kidney stones and decreased urine output • D. Impaired heart function and death

  20. Multiple Response • One of the larger endocrine system organs is the pancreas. The functions of the pancreas include: • A. influence metabolism of CHO • B. produce insulin and glucagon • C. digestion of protein • D. secretion of bile for fat breakdown

  21. Multiple Choice • Insulin is secreted in response to _________ levels of serum glucose. • A. low • B. absent • C. elevated

  22. Multiple Response • Ovaries, at puberty, produce estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is responsible for: • A. the development of secondary sexual characteristics in the female • B. deepening of voice • C. maturation of reproductive organs in the female • D. development of muscle mass

  23. Fill - In • _____________ is a “temporary” endocrine gland.

  24. Multiple Response • At puberty, the testes produce testosterone which is responsible for _________ in the male: • A. Development of secondary sexual characteristics • B. maturation of reproductive organs • C. sperm formation • D. development of bone and muscle mass

  25. Multiple Choice • ___________, a hormone, programs information into T-lymphocytes in utero and infancy to carry out immune reactions to certain antigens. • A. Growth Hormone • B. Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone • C. Thymosin • D. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

  26. Multiple Response • Located on the roof of the 3rd ventricle in the brain, the pineal gland secretes a substance called “melatonin”. Melatonin is responsible for which of the following: • A. inhibiting gonadotrophic hormones which inhibit reproductive activity until puberty • B. induces sleep • C. affects mood • D. relieves depression

  27. Other • Hormones can be harmful if unchecked. Unmanaged stress can be a leading contributor to stress-induced diseases and disorders. • List 3 stress-relieving methods

  28. Other • The main clinical conditions associated with aging of the endocrine system involve the pancreas and thyroid. • Name 1 condition of each

  29. DISORDERS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

  30. Multiple Choice • Acromegaly is a disease of the anterior pituitary gland and is the result of ___________ of GH in the adult. • A. insufficient production • B. absence • C. overproduction

  31. Multiple Response • Clinical manifestations of acromegaly include: • A. shrinking of the cranium and jaw • B. bulging forehead • C. bulbous nose • D. thick lips, small tongue • E. enlarged hands and feet

  32. Other • Place and “s” next to subjective data and an “o” next to objective data r/t acromegaly: • ___ presence of headaches, visual disturbances • ___ c/o ↓ability to perform ADLs • ___ pt. c/o feeling depressed • ___ “I seem to be having more problems with joint pain” • ___ increasing bone enlargement (measured) • ___ tachycardia, weak pulse

  33. Other • List 4 diagnostic tests for acromegaly.

  34. Multiple Choice • Which of the following is the definitive test for a diagnosis of acromegaly: • A. ophthalmic exam • B. Oral Glucose Challenge • C. ↑ TSH • D. Cranial xrays

  35. Multiple Response • Medical management for acromegaly includes: • A. medications to stimulate GH secretion • B. medications to suppress GH secretion • C. Surgical removal of pituitary tumor(s) • D. Irradiation to destroy GH secreting tumors

  36. Multiple Response • Nursing Interventions related to the care of a patient with advancing acromegaly include: • A. safety measures for those with visual impairment • B. monitor cardio-respiratory status and changes • C. Regular diet/texture • D. Administration of pain medication

  37. Multiple Choice • Earl has a condition known as gigantism. This condition is due to: • A. Insufficient secretion of growth hormone • B. Hyperthyroidism • C. hyperplasia of the hypothalamus • D. overproduction of GH

  38. Multiple Response • Gigantism may also be caused by a defect in the hypothalamus which directs the anterior pituitary gland to release excess amounts of GH. Clinical manifestations of gigantism include: • A. great height (sometimes > 8’ Tall) • B. Increased muscle development • C. Weakness • D. abnormal body proportions • E. < normal weight

  39. True/False • The definitive diagnostic test for gigantism is the GH suppression test (glucose loading).

  40. Multiple Response • Medical management of a client with gigantism includes: • A. surgical removal of a tumor • B. irradiation of the anterior pituitary gland • C. Monthly IV infusion of GH suppression medication • D. Monthly IV infusion of Calcium to prevent osteoporosis

  41. Other • List 3 nursing interventions related to someone with or suspected of having gigantism:

  42. Other • List 2 appropriate nursing diagnoses related to someone with gigantism.

  43. Multiple Choice • Dwarfism describes the abnormally small size of people who often have a recessive genetic trait. The clinical cause of dwarfism is: • A. deficiency in Growth Hormone • B. Low TSH • C. Insufficient gonadotropic hormones • D. Hyperplasia of the hypothalamus

  44. Multiple Response • Clinical manifestations of dwarfism include: • A. height of < 3 feet • B. Normal but delayed sexual development • C. Normal body proportion • D. appear significantly older than chronological age

  45. Multiple Response • Interviewing by the nurse for subjective data for people with dwarfism will include questions related to: • A. patient understanding of the condition • B. patient emotional response to condition • C. pt. c/o headache and shortness of breath • D. current height and weight measurements

  46. Multiple Choice • Though wrist xray and MRI/CT may be used for diagnosing bone age and to r/o pituitary tumor, the definitive test for dwarfism is: • A. Glucose Tolerance Test • B. 17-hydroxyketosteroids (24hr urine collection) • C. ↓ plasma levels of Growth Hormone • D. ↓ serum thyroid hormones

  47. Multiple Response • Medical Management for those affected by dwarfism includes: • A. Irradiation of the posterior pituitary gland • B. Irradiation of the adrenal cortex • C. Anti-growth hormones • D. Growth hormone injections if appropriate • E. Removal of tumor if present

  48. Multiple Choice • In the disorder known as “diabetes insipidus”, the secretion and actions of ADH goes awry (wacky!). ADH stands for: • A. Antidiabetic Hormone • B. Antidiuretic Hormone • C. Antedystrophy HCL • D. Adrenodystrophy Hormone

  49. Other - Process • When there is not enough ADH,  imbalance of _________ and _________. This causes __________ urine output. If untreated, ____________ shock can occur.

  50. Multiple Response • Diabetes Insipidus may manifest which of the following clinical features? • A. polyuria, polydypsia • B. anuria • C. ↑ serum Na+ • D. lethargy and weight loss • E. dry skin; poor skin turgor • F. diarrhea

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