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Chapter 16 Climate

Chapter 16 Climate. Climate is weather that is averaged over time Conditions that are recorded then averaged include: 1.) temperature 2.) precipitation 3.) air pressure 4.) humidity 5.) days of sunshine. Climate. Latitude Topographic features (Mountains, Bodies of Water, Cities)

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Chapter 16 Climate

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  1. Chapter 16Climate

  2. Climate is weather that is averaged over time Conditions that are recorded then averaged include: 1.) temperature 2.) precipitation 3.) air pressure 4.) humidity 5.) days of sunshine Climate

  3. Latitude • Topographic features (Mountains, Bodies of Water, Cities) • Global wind patterns • Air masses What Factors Affect the Climate?

  4. Latitude • Meteorologist use 3 latitudes (climate zones) to look at climate. • 1.) Polar • 2.) Temperate • 3.) Tropical • Which zone do we live in? What Factors Affect the Climate?

  5. Extends from thepoles (north and south) to 66 1/2˚ • Solar energy hits the poles at low angles • Polar ice reflects the sun’s rays • Due to this the poles are always cold. Polar Zone

  6. Located between 23 1/2˚ North, and 23 1/2˚ South • Sun shines almost directly overhead • Receives large amounts of solar energy • This zones is always hot except in higher elevations. Tropical Zone

  7. Located between the polar and tropical zones (North and South) • Temperatures are moderate • The continental U.S. is located here. Temperate Zone

  8. What are Topographic Features that effect climate? • Mountains • Cities • Large bodies of water

  9. Land heats up faster than water • Land along the coasts are usually warmer in the winter (water keeps it warmer longer) • Breezes from the water also cause costal land to be warmer in winter and cooler in summer • Coastal land also experience more precipitation and increased moisture in the air. Large Bodies of Water

  10. At the same latitude the climate is colder in the mountains than at sea level. • The air is less dense up in the mountains and therefore absorb less solar energy. Mountains

  11. Large cities affect local climate • Solar radiation is absorbed by streets, parking lots, and buildings • They heat up and radiate heat into the atmosphere. Large Cities

  12. There are 6 main climate types • Wladimir Koppen 1918 German climatologist developed a classification system What are the Climate Types?

  13. classification is based on temperature and precipitation • Divided the climates into 6 groups • Some are divided into sub-groups • 1.) Tropical • 2.) Mild • 3.) Dry • 4.) Continental • 5.) Polar • 6.) High elevation Koppen Climate Classification System

  14. Climatologist – a person who studies climates, and uses a system to classify all the worlds climates. Climate Classification System

  15. the climate – temperature and precipitation determine what type of plants grow there. • Pine trees are not found in desert regions and cactus are not found growing outside in Ohio. • All organisms have certain adaptations that allow them to survive in their climate. Climate Type Determines Vegetation

  16. Is a structure or behavior feature that helps an organism survive in its environment. • These may include an animal having thick fur for the cold, or we build houses (structure) for shelter from the harsh weather. Adaptation:

  17. Many mammals such as bears and rodents go through a period of inactivity in the winter. • This is known as hibernation • Their bodies needs (eating) are reduced to survive the winter season. Behavioral Adaptation:

  18. Our bodies is always trying to maintain a certain temperature (98.6 degrees). • How does our body regulate its temperature? Human Adaptations:

  19. Sweating helps us keep our bodies temperature cool. • Sweat evaporates off the skin, which allows the body to cool. Human Adaptations:

  20. We have seasonal changes. • Seasons are short term periods of climate change, caused by regular variation in daylight, temperature and weather patterns. • Variations are due to the amount of solar radiation an area receives. Climate Changes

  21. the North and South Poles experience 6 months of 24 hour daylight and 24 hours of darkness • As you move closer to the equator the days and nights balance out. • The equator has 12 hour days and 12 hours night Endless Days and Nights

  22. El Nino – is a climate event that starts in the Pacific Ocean and sets off changes in the atmosphere. • These use to occur every 3 to 7 years, now we experience this more often. • Scientists are beginning to link the more frequent occurrences to global warming Other Climate Changes

  23. the Earth’s climate remains fairly constant. • We do experience changes in temperatures and moisture from year to year. • Scientists are beginning to see a warming trend in the Earth’s climate. • Many see this as evidence of global warming. • However, the Earth has seen some major climate changes. Trends in Climate

  24. Catastrophic events • Meteorites • Volcanic eruptions • Earth plate movement • Greenhouse effect (global warming) Explaining Major Climate Changes

  25. Meteorites or Volcanic activity caused great amount of dust and ash in the atmosphere, blocking out the sun’s radiation • This caused the Earth to cool down. Catastrophic Events

  26. The movement of the plates affect the oceans and continents affect the transfer of heat on the surface. • This in turn changes wind and precipitation patterns Earth’s Plates

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