Laser-matter Interaction and Chemical Physics Libor Juha

1. Laser-matter Interaction • and Chemical Physics • Libor Juha • Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics • Institute of Physics • Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic • Prague, Czech Republic • E-mail:juha@fzu.cz

2. Main research topics: • interaction of intense extreme ultraviolet, soft X-ray • radiation and X-ray radiation with matter: fromelemental • solids to biomolecules • (b) X-ray, extreme ultraviolet, optical, and IR emission spectroscopy of plasmas • (c) characterization and application of neutrons and charged particles emitted fromplasmas • (d) other advanced diagnostic techniques, incl. imaging and pump-and-probe techniques • (e) characterization and applications of focused beams of short-wavelength lasers • (f) X-ray holography with atomic resolution and related techniques • (g) chemical and plasma-chemical generators of reactivetransients • (h) laser-plasma chemistry: chemical consequences of laser-induced dielectric breakdown (LIDB) in moleculargases and theirmixtures • (i) theory and computer simulations of matterinteractingwith intense radiation in different spectral ranges

3. Warm Dense Matter - WDM Nonideal character of plasma is usually characterized by the coupling parameter.

4. volumetric heating In certain position, where the frequency of electrons oscillating in plasma (plasma frequency; Langmuir frequency) is equal to the frequency of the laser EM field, the index of refraction of the plasma becomes zero. Thus the EM wave cannot penetrate into the plasma, being reflected. This is called plasma mirror effect. The plasma frequency is a function of the plasma electron density e2 = ne e2 / 0me and the laser frequency is equal to the plasma frequency exactly at the critical electron density nc[electrons/cm3]= 1021x -2[m] for < 10 nm is nc> 1025 cm-3  X-rays do not create a critically dense plasma so that their energy is deposited in a volume below the irradiated solid surface S. M. Vinko, O. Ciricosta, B.-I. Cho, K. Engelhorn, H.-K. Chung, C. Brown, T. Burian, J. Chalupsky, R. Falcone, C. Graves, V. Hajkova, A. Higginbotham, L. Juha, J. Krzywinski, H. J. Lee, M. Messerschmidt, C. Murphy, Y. Ping, A. Scherz, W. Schlotter, S. Toleikis, J. J. Turner, L. Vysin, T. Wang, B. Wu, U. Zastrau, D. Zhu, R. W. Lee, P. A. Heimann, B. Nagler, J. S. Wark: Creation and diagnosis of solid-density hot-dense matter with an X-ray free-electron laser, Nature482, 59 (2012). [cited: 119 times]

5. W. F. Schlotter et al.: The soft x-ray instrument for materials studies at the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free-electron laser, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 043107 (2012).

6. IPD – ionization potential depression O. Ciricosta, S. M. Vinko, H.-K. Chung, B.-I. Cho, C. R. D. Brown, T. Burian, J. Chalupský, K. Engelhorn, R.W. Falcone, C. Graves, V. Hájková, A. Higginbotham, L. Juha, J. Krzywinski, H. J. Lee, M. Messerschmidt,C. D. Murphy, Y. Ping, D. S. Rackstraw, A. Scherz, W. Schlotter, S. Toleikis, J. J. Turner, L. Vyšín, T. Wang, B. Wu, U. Zastrau, D. Zhu, R.W. Lee, P. Heimann, B. Nagler, J. S. Wark: Direct measurements of the ionization potential depression in a dense plasma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 065002 (2012). [cited: 52 times] J. C. Stewart, K. D. Pyatt: Lowering of ionization potentials in plasmas, Astrophys. J. 144, 1203 (1966). versus G. Ecker, W. Kröll: Lowering of the ionization energy for a plasma in thermodynamic equilibrium, Phys. Fluids 6, 62 (1963).

7. TESLA Test Facility(TTF 1 FEL, 1995-2002) FLASH, 2005 experimental hall FLASH - Free-electron LASer in Hamburg Photon energy ~30-300 eV Bandwidth Dl/l ~0.5 % Peak power >1 GW Pulse duration ~10-100 fs

8. … in-situ focus characterization Ablative imprints in PMMA studied with use of the (a) Navitar in the diagnostics port and (b). Nomarski DIC microscopeex situ. A compact diagnostics port attachable to short-wavelength beamline PG2 developed at FLASH. N. Gerasimova et al.:Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 065104 (2013).

9. measured (partially coherent) electrical field modulus recovered (fully coherent) electrical field modulus recovered phase recovered modulus of the complex degree of transverse coherence fit of the Gaussian Schell model recovered (partially coherent) electrical field modulus J. Chalupský et al.: Imprinting a focused X-ray laser beam to measure its full spatial characteristics, Phys. Rev. Appl. 4, 014004 (2015).

10. PALS (Prague Asterix Laser System)

11. Neon-like zinc XRL driven by multi-100-ps NIR laser pulses Simplified level scheme of neon-like zinc Generic experimental scheme slab target XRL IR laser beam XRL Active medium: a plasma column created from slab target by linearly focused NIR laser beam

12. Laser-plasma chemistry with a motivation from astrobiology M. Ferus, S. Civiš, A. Mládek, J. Šponer, L. Juha, J. E. Šponerová: On the road from formamide ices to nucleobases: IR-spectroscopic observation of a direct reaction between cyano radicals and formamide in a high-energy impact event, J. Am. Chem. Soc.134, 20788 (2012). For more details on laser-plasma chemistry, please, see: L. Juha, S. Civiš: Laser-plasma chemistry: Chemical reactions initiated by laser-produced plasmas, In: Lasers in Chemistry (Ed. M. Lackner), Vol. 2, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2008, pp. 899-921.

13. table-top capillary-discharge XUV laser [made in Fort Collins, Colorado State University – S. Heinbuch et al.:Opt. Express13, 4050 (2006)] 46.9 nm 0.01 mJ 1-2 ns 10 Hz installed in Prague

14. Collaborationwithindustry on thedevelopmentofcompacthigh-reprateFELs Currentstageoftheproject: testingopticalelementsforprospectivehigh-repetition-rate soft X-ray free-electronlasers Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH, Rudolf-Eber-Strasse 2, 73447 Oberkochen, Deutschland MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8,Czech Republic DeutschesElektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany ASML Netherlands B.V., P.O. Box 324, 5500 AH Veldhoven, The Netherlands Helmholtz-ZentrumGeesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany Physikalisch-TechnischeBundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY-II, Institutfür Nanometer Optik und Technologie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany

15. Teaching/training I Charles University in Prague: (a) Department of Chemical Physics and Optics Teaching activities: “X-Ray Lasersand X-Ray Optics” (NOOE130) J. Chalupský, L. Juha Training activities: supervision of MSc and PhD thesis (b) Department of Surface and Plasma Physics Teaching activities: “Physics of Laser-Produced Plasmas” (for PhD students), K. Rohlena Training activities: supervision of M.Sc. and Ph.D. thesis

16. Teaching/training II Czech Technical University in Prague: (c) Department of Nuclear Chemistry Teaching activities: courses entitled “Introduction to Photochemistry and Photobiology”(15UFCB), L. Juha “Theoretical Foundation of Radiation Chemistry”(15TZRCH), L. Juha “Radiation Chemistry and Photochemistry” (for PhD students), L. Juha Training activities: supervision of M.Sc. and Ph.D. thesis (d) Department of Physical Electronics Training activities: supervision of M.Sc. and Ph.D. thesis

17. Teaching/training III PhD thesis defended: J. Chalupský: Characterization of Focused Beams of X-Ray Lasers of Various Kind (2006-2012; his scientific achievements were awarded to a prize Doctorandus in 2010) M. Šmíd: X-Ray Spectroscopy of Non-Nomogeneous Laser Plasmas (2011-2015) M. Toufarová: Reactivity of All-Carbon Nanostructures Exposed to Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (2008-2015)

18. Future trends: • hot plasmaswarmdensematter • physicsof LPP  laser-plasma chemistry • (c) bulkmaterialsinterfaces • (d) large-scalefacilitiescompactsources in standard labs • (e)collisional plasma theorystronglycoupledsystems