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Crime, Economics & Prisons in 19th Century Britain

Explore the rise of crime in urban areas, introduction of police forces by Sir Robert Peel in 1829, prison reform movements, and influence of classical economic theories on society. Learn about the Auburn and Philadelphia prison systems, Pentonville Prison, Devil’s Island, and key figures like Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, and Jeremy Bentham.

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Crime, Economics & Prisons in 19th Century Britain

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  1. Crime and Economics

  2. What problems arose as people flocked to cities? • Theft • Arson

  3. Sir Robert Peel • 1829, started the 1st London Police Force. • Known as “Bobbies” or “Peelers”. • British police did not carry guns like the rest of Europe.

  4. Punishments • Hulks • New South Wales, Australia

  5. Prison Reformers • John Howard • Elizabeth Fry

  6. Reforms in prisons • Goal- rehabilitate convicts so that they will be productive members of society when released.

  7. Two Systems of Prison Life • Auburn System- separated at night, worked together during the day. • Philadelphia System- separation at all times

  8. Pentonville Prison: London • Individual cells, separation, silence. • Wore masks in prison yard.

  9. Devil’s Island • Penal colony of the French.

  10. Classical Economic Theory • Laissez-faire • Competition through free enterprise system • Middle class benefits the most • Role of government: currency, contracts, protect property, keep taxes low, armed forces

  11. Thomas Malthus • “Essay on Principle Population” • Population would lead to food shortages. • Solutions: late marriages, chastity, and more contraception. • Persuaded a higher standard of living, rather than more children.

  12. David Ricardo • “Principles of Political Economy” • Iron Law of Wages- as wages increase, more children per family. • Wages will always remain low. • Gave employers a reason for low wages and no labor unions.

  13. Jeremy Bentham • Utilitarianism- the greatest happiness for the greatest number. • Assisted in new poor law 1834. • Creation of free trade for Britain

  14. Repeal of corn laws, Anti-corn Law League

  15. Creation of free trade for Britain

  16. That’s All…

  17. Communist Manifesto Class Work • Using your discussion questions you created, in groups of 2-4, discuss and record responses to three of your questions. Write the question and the response on a piece of paper. Include the names of everyone in your group.

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