Absolutism

1. Absolutism The World of Absolute Monarchs

2. Date: 10-5 • Topic: Spain: Philip II • Many of Philips problems were because he tried to end Protestantism • Costly wars with England and France left Spain Bankrupt • Philip II was the most powerful ruler • Spanish Armada signified the decline in Spain’s power • Explorers Study Guide • Homework: Spain on Chart

3. Philip II of Spain • Most Powerful Ruler in Spanish History • Defender of the Catholic Faith

4. Spain becomes a “Country” • North and South Spain are joined when Ferdinand and Isabella marry • There are no Universal Laws – each area kept their own legal system

5. Philip’s Problems • Tried to end Protestantism • Led Spain into many expensive wars – England, France, Morocco, Netherlands (all but 6 months of 42 yrs) • Taxes, Inflation, Bankruptcy • Prudent King – cautious, suspicious, micromanager

6. Religious Policy • Minorities in Spain • Marranos – Jews who converted to Christianity • Moriscos – Muslims who converted to Christianity • Inquisition • Church and / or government officials kill non Catholics • Autos de fe’ – elaborate public rituals: Executions

7. Philip tried to make Dutch Netherlands Catholic • Netherlands were Protestant • Philip ruled over the Netherlands – they rebel and claim independence • England offered assistance • Philip upset with Protestant England

8. Spanish Armada • Spain tries to invade England • “Protestant Wind” allows England ships to maneuver faster than Spanish • Spain’s defeat marks the beginning of Spain’s decline as an European Power

9. Date: 10-6 Topic: Resource Period • Complete Spain Study Guide • Complete England Chart • Complete England Study Guide • Homework: Make Sure “England is Complete”

10. Date: 10-11 Topic: Elizabeth I • Elizabeth consolidated power and unified the Church • England sank into debt because Parliament held the Power of the Purse • Foreign Policy held for a strong navy: Balance of Power • Homework: Complete France

12. Rulers of England • Henry VII – First Tudor • Henry VIII – Break with Catholic Church • Edward IV – Sickly • Mary – Bloody Mary • Elizabeth – Church of England • James VI – Son of Mary Queen of Scots

13. Government • Council of Advisors • Parliament • Not initiate legislation • Plead and Withhold Approval • Justices of the Peace - Law

14. Social and Economic Policy • Queen and Court • Nobles • Gentry – Middle • Yeomen – Lower • Badly in debt – Parliament – Power of the Purse

15. Foreign Policy • No European Continent Holdings • English Channel – Strong Navy • Balance of Power • Conquered Ireland and Scotland

16. James VI • Son of Mary Queen of Scots • Started the Stuart Dynasty - Protestant

17. Date: 10-12 Topic: Henry of Navarre • Henry IV passes Edict of Nantes: allows religious freedom • Louis XIII used Cardinal Richelieu to consolidate power • Cardinal Richelieu stripped power from the nobles and gave it to Intendants • Quiz 19-1 / Quiz 19-2 / Quiz 19-3

18. 3 Rulers You Should Know • Henry IV – Henry Navarre • Louis XIII • Louis XIV Henry Navarre

19. Background • Religion was an excuse to wage war for political reasons • Catholics struggled with Huguenots for Power • Henry II’s death left his wife Catherine de Medici to control France during the reigns of her 3 sons.

20. Henry Navarre • Catherine Struggled to achieve a balance between Catholics and Huguenots • She plans to marry her daughter to Henry of Navarre (Huguenot leader and cousin)

21. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • A plot is formed to murder all Huguenot leaders at the wedding. • Word spreads. On this day – Huguenots all over France are killed. 20,000 people dead. • Henry was spared

22. Henry Navarre becomes Henry IV • Upon the death of Catherine’s last son. Henry Navarre becomes king. • He becomes Catholic – renounces Protestantism • Resolved to keep the political peace

23. Edict of Nantes • A Policy of Religious Toleration • Gave Legal recognition to Huguenots • Granted Huguenots permission to build walled towns, hold secular office, attend universities, hold special courts • France becomes the first major nation to permit more than one form of Christianity to co – exist.

24. Louis XIII

25. Cardinal Richelieu • He lessened the power of the nobles. • Power goes from Nobles to King

26. In the past – nobles collected taxes, appointed local leaders, and conducted foreign policy. • Now Richelieu stripped them of their duties. These jobs were given to Crown Appointed Intendants

27. Huguenots Revolted • Huguenots were unhappy and revolted… Louis does not trust them anymore • Huguenots were stripped of right to have independent towns • They are stilled allowed religious freedom

28. Date: 10/16 Topic: Louis XIV • Louis had a 72 year reign known for its culture, style, and Power • He fought the war of Spanish Succession to help put his grandson on the Spanish throne • He repealed the Edict of Nantes and drained the economy building Versailles • Work on Germany for Tuesday

29. Louis XIV – The Sun King

30. 72 Year Reign of Power and Style • Lived in Versailles • Unfair Tax system – poor are heavily taxed • Repealed the Edict of Nantes

31. War of Spanish Succession • Louis’ Grandson is Philip of Anjou • Charles II offers Spain to Philip • Balance of Power!! • Spain and France vs. England, Netherlands, and Austria

32. Ends with Treaty of Utrecht • Philip V – King of Spain • Spain and France – never unite under 1 king • Drained France’s $$ • France gives providences of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland to England

33. Louis Legacy • Culture Period • Lavish – Versailles • Financial Ruin • Nobles – lost ability to govern – still want power • Lower class resentment

34. Date: 10-17 Topic: Hapsburgs • The Hapsburgs were the Ruling family of Austria: Ferdinand / Maria Theresa • The 30 years war resulted in the weakening of Germany and the Strengthening of France • Maria Theresa was able to rule after the Pragmatic Sanction • Russia for Thursday

35. Background • Germany is not like other countries in Europe – it is not unified • Made up of individual states with their own governments, laws, and leaders • They share a common culture and language • Peace in Augsburg says German princes can decide religion – does not address Calvinism

36. 30 Years War • Ferdinand is the heir to the Holy Roman Empire and Bohemia • He becomes a Catholic king who limits religious freedom of the Czechs in Bohemia • The Czechs revolt and take over Prague; the Revolt is crushed, but it leads to a Civil War

37. Everyone Fights • Catholic Princes join Spain (Religious) • Protestant Princes join Denmark (Territory) • Sweden (Religion) • France (Power) • Each has a reason for wanting to win the war

38. Results of the war • Weakening of Germany • Strengthening of France • Calvinism Recognized • Hapsburgs rule Austria and Bohemia, but they rule the German States in Name only • Thee Hapsburgs now work on building a strong monarchy in Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia. They want to gather land and power

39. Maria Theresa • Her father was HRE Charles V. Austrian law and tradition said no woman could be ruler. • Pragmatic Sanction was a document her father made the countries of Europe to sign to promise to allow Maria to Rule

40. Maria Theresa

41. Date: 10-18 Topic: Hohenzollerns • The Hohenzollerns were the Ruling family of Prussia: Frederick / Frederick William • Frederick William built army into skilled fighting machine / Frederick William I – Army of Giants • Frederick II – Frederick the Great uses army in 2 wars: Austrian Succession and 7 Years

42. Background • Prussia is a German state • Becomes independent after 30 years war • All important rulers are named Frederick or Frederick William • Known for its great Military

43. Frederick William • The Great Elector • Wants a large Standing Army – to pay for this he wants to raise taxes. Nobles are against raising taxes • He makes a compromise: Nobles can own land, pay no taxes, and have complete control over peasants. Peasants and townspeople would pay taxes.

44. Frederick I • Weak ruler – he rules in title only • Helps the Hapsburgs in the war of Spanish Succession

45. Frederick William I • Powerful – focuses on Centralized government, trade and production, and the military • Creates an Army of Giants

46. Frederick II • Also known as Frederick the Great • He will take this army out to “play” in several wars

47. War of Austrian Succession • Frederick II ignores the Pragmatic Sanction and begins to fight Maria Theresa for the Austrian throne • Prussia, France, and Spain vs. Austria, Great Britain, and Dutch Netherlands • Treaty of Aix la Chappell • Prussia gets Silesia • Austria keeps Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia

48. 7 Years War • Maria Theresa wants Silesia back • France and Great Britain change sides: Russia joins on Austria’s side • Great Britain and France fight this in Colonies – French and Indian War • Ends with Treaty of Paris

49. Treaty of Paris • France loses French Canada and land east of Mississippi to Great Britain • Great Britain becomes leading power in India and has the greatest colonial empire • Frederick II keeps Silesia

50. Date: 10-19 Topic: Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great • Ivan used terror tactics to increase trade and modernize Russia • Peter forcibly modernized Russian culture and trade. He changed the capital to St. Petersburg, creates the dvoraine and the holy snyod. • Russia always wanted a Warm Water Port