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The Panic of 1819

The Panic of 1819. CAUSES???. The Panic of 1819. Over-speculation on Western lands Imbalance of trade with Great Britain (drains country of gold) Bank of US forces western satellite banks to foreclose on Western farms Won’t allow payment in paper money

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The Panic of 1819

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  1. The Panic of 1819 CAUSES???

  2. The Panic of 1819 • Over-speculation on Western lands • Imbalance of trade with Great Britain (drains country of gold) • Bank of US forces western satellite banks to foreclose on Western farms • Won’t allow payment in paper money • Demands payment in gold or silver (specie) • Farmers don’t have specie, lose farms, some sent to DEBTOR’S PRISON!!!!!!!! • Consequences?????

  3. Missouri Statehood: The Tallmadge Amendment • All slaves born in Missouri after theterritory became a state would be freed at the age of 25. • Passed by the House, not in the Senate. • The North controlled the House, and theSouth had enough power to block it in the Senate.

  4. The Missouri Compromise and Slavery, 1820–1821

  5. What foreign power was the most threatening?

  6. The Monroe Doctrine, 1823 What warning is given to the European countries? What foreign policy principles are established? Monroe Doctrine What would the US do if the warning was not headed?

  7. The Election of 1824:The “Corrupt Bargain”

  8. The Election of 1824:The “Corrupt Bargain”

  9. The Age of Jackson

  10. What were the democratic trends in the 19c?

  11. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

  12. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

  13. Why Increased Democratization? • White male suffrage increased • Party nominating committees/conventions-replaced caucus system. • Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors—not the state legislature. • Spoils system-what’s that? • Rise of Third Parties-more choices, more democracy • Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) • Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: • Dem-Reps Democrats (1828) • Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)

  14. Canvassing for a Vote, by George Caleb Bingham, 1852

  15. Jackson's Early Life

  16. Jackson’s Birthplace

  17. Jackson’s First Residence in Tennessee

  18. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

  19. Jackson’s Duels

  20. General Jackson- War Hero

  21. The Battle of New Orleans, January, 1815

  22. Jackson's First Presidential Run

  23. The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate

  24. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay[KY] John Quincy Adams[MA] John C. Calhoun[SC] William H. Crawford[GA]

  25. Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain?”

  26. What were the key issues in 1828?

  27. Election of 1828-Key Issues: • The Tariff—raised to 45% during the J.Q.A.’s presidency. The South in particular is ticked off. • Jackson believed the Federal government a haven for the wealthy—detached from common folks • Jackon sought to reduce the role of government in favor of states rights • Jackson hated Henry Clay’s “American System. • Jackson thought the tariff was too high, but supported the federal government’s right to enforce it. • In spite of the above, Jackson was a strong unionist and nationalist—he ultimately supported federal supremacy over the states.

  28. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” • Intense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. • His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.” • Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

  29. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

  30. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

  31. 1828 Election Results

  32. Vice President John C. Calhoun

  33. The Center of Population in theCountry Moves WEST

  34. The New “Jackson Coalition” • The Planter Elite in the South • People on the Frontier • Immigrants in the cities.

  35. The Reign of “King Mob”

  36. Andrew Jackson as President

  37. The “Peggy Eaton Affair”

  38. Peggy Eaton Floride Calhoun vs.

  39. The Nullification Issue

  40. The South Carolina Expostion-1828 • What were Calhoun’s arguments and what were they really about? • What did he suggest South Carolina should do about the tariff?

  41. The Webster-Hayne Debate-Jan. 1830 Sen. Daniel Webster[MA] Sen. Robert Hayne[SC]

  42. Jefferson Day Toast-1830 Webster:Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson:Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun:The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

  43. The Tariff Issue

  44. 1832 Tariff Conflict • 1828 -->“Tariff of Abomination” • 1832 --> New tariff reduces the 1828 tariff somewhat. • South Carolina’s reaction? • Jackson’s response? • Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

  45. What were long-term implications of the Nullification Crisis?

  46. Jackson's Native-American Policy

  47. Indian Removal • Jackson’s Goal? • 1830 Indian Removal Act • Cherokee Nation v. GA(1831)* “domestic dependent nation” • Worcester v. GA(1832) • Jackson:John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

  48. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

  49. Indian Removal

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