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Basic Concepts in Social Science Research

A goal of sociological research is to discover the similarities, differences, patterns, and trends of a given population. Basic Concepts in Social Science Research. Scientific Method.

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Basic Concepts in Social Science Research

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  1. A goal of sociological research is to discover the similarities, differences, patterns, and trends of a given population. Basic Concepts in Social Science Research

  2. Scientific Method • Scientific Method is a systematic approach to researching questions and problems through objective and accurate • Observation • Collection and analysis of data • Direct experimentation • And replication

  3. Vocabulary • Subjects • Respondents • Sample • Generalize • Random Sample

  4. Quantitative vs Qualitative • Quantitative Research • information collected from respondents is converted into numbers (hint: quantity) • Qualitative Research • information collected from respondents take the form of verbal descriptions or direct observations of events.

  5. Best is both….

  6. Validity and Reliability • Statistics are used to analyze data • A collection of mathematical procedures for describing and drawing inferences from data. • Inferential – used for making predictions about the population. • Descriptive- used for describing the characteristics of the population and respondents.

  7. A study must have: • Validity • The capacity of a study or test to measure what it is supposed to measure. • Reliability • The capacity to provide consistent results when administered on different occaisions.

  8. Research Designs • Cross Sectional • Study a number of individuals of different ages who have the same trait or characteristic of interest at a single time. • Longitudinal • Scientists study the same individuals or society repeatedly over a specified period of time. • Cross-sequential • Scientist test individuals in a cross-sectional sample more than once over a specified period of time.

  9. Types of Research • Case Study • Survey • Observational • Correlational • Experimental • Cross-Cultural • Research with existing data, or secondary analysis

  10. Ethics • Self regulatory guidelines for making decisions and defining professions.

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