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Year 9 . CHB. Yr 9 Student Aims. By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Describe the three states of matter Describe changes of state Describe the processes of compression and diffusion Use common equipment to measure temperature, volume, weight and time.
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Year 9 CHB
Yr 9 Student Aims By the end of the lesson you should be able to: • Describe the three states of matter • Describe changes of state • Describe the processes of compression and diffusion • Use common equipment to measure temperature, volume, weight and time. • Understand and use the SI units and prefixes • Be able to draw a line graph detailing all main requirements • Design a Fair test.
Matter • Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. • Everything is made up of solids,liquids and gases. • The universe is made up of matter. • The three states of matter are Solids, Liquids and Gases.
Do now: • Matter Cryptogram Sheet (Cryptogram- type of puzzle which consists of a short piece of coded text)
Answer Everything in the universe is made up of matter. Some matter you can see; like water or metal. Other matter is invisible; like air. There are three states of matter solids, liquids and gases. Matter can change from one state to another. Like when water freezes into ice.
Tray 3 Name the gas: • That you use to blow up a balloon? • That you breathe in? • That helps you cook food? • That you get when you boil water? • That combines with oxygen gas to make water?
Do now: • All matter is made of ________. • In a solid the particles are packed _____ together and ______ in place , so they cannot move about. • In a liquid the particles are close together but they can move about _____. • In ____ the particles are far apart and move about quickly.
Do now (Answers): • All matter is made of particles. • In a solid the particles are packed close together and fixed in place , so they cannot move about. • In a liquid the particles are close together but they can move about freely. • In gas the particles are far apart and move about quickly.
Answer All matter is made of paricles. There are three states of matter: Solids, Liquids and Gases. In each state of matter the particles are arranged differently. Ina solid the particles are packed close together in neat rows,they are fixed in place so cannot move about. In liquids the particles are close together and touch each other but they can move about freely. In gases the particles are far apart, they have lots of energy and move about quickly, they bounce off the walls of the container that the gas is in.
Particle Theory of Matter • All matter is made up of extremely tiny particles. • Each substance has its own kind of particle, different from the particles of other substances. • Particles attract each other and are always moving. • Particles at a higher temperature move faster than particles at a lower temperature.
Forces between particles in: Solids- Attractive forces hold position and shape of solid. Liquids-Attractive forces between particles hold the volume but allow fluidity. Gases-Almost no attractive forces between particles of a gas.
Do now: Name the process involved: • Solid state Gas state • Liquid state Solid state • Liquid state Gas state • Solid state Liquid state • Gas state Liquid state
Melting Freezing Water Ice
Boiling Evaporation
Do Now: • Draw the triangle of changing states of matter
Sublimation Change of state directly from a solid state to a gas state. Dry ice (Solid Carbon-dioxide) is at – 78 degree celsius Solid carbon dioxide Gaseous Carbon dioxide
Precautions while using Dry Ice • Due to its extremely cold temperature, dry ice can cause damage to the skin (frost bite). Do not hold it in your hand for longer than a second. Use tongs/gloves while handling dry ice. • Wear safety glasses. • Never eat or swallow dry ice – VERY DANGEROUS. • Avoid inhaling carbon dioxide gas.
Dry Ice and Candle Dry Ice vapour
Dry Ice in a Balloon With Dry Ice in it With Dry Ice in the bottle
Dry Ice in Hot/Warm Water • This white fog is not the CO2 gas, but rather it is condensed water vapour, mixed in with the invisible CO2. The extreme cold causes the water vapour to condense into clouds.
Dry Ice with Universal Indicator Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form acid which changes the colour of indicator. Base Acid
Dry Ice with Soap Water • Instead of the dry ice just bubbling in the water to make a cloud, the soap in the water traps the carbon dioxide and water vapour in the form of a bubble.
Make a Spoon Sing! • As soon as the warm spoon touches the dry ice, the dry ice sublimates and carbon dioxide is produced which tries to escape but the spoon will try and prevent this from happening. • In this process, when the spoon is pressed against dry ice, it is forced away slightly because of the large amount of gas that is produced. But because of the pressure that you are applying on the spoon, the spoon will fall back. • This vibration of the spoon causes a loud singing like sound which people standing around the table can distinctly hear.
Do Now: • Change of state directly from a solid state to a gas state is called ________. • Temperature of dry ice is ______. • Dry ice sublimates to form ______ -________ gas. • Dry ice is also called fire extinguisher because it does not support _______. • Fog produced by dry ice in warm water is condensed _____ _______ mixed with carbon- dioxide.
Do Now(answers): • Change of state directly from a solid state to a gas state is called sublimation. • Temperature of dry ice is -78 degree celsius. • Dry ice sublimates to form carbon - dioxide gas. • Dry ice is also called fire extinguisher because it does not support burning. • Fog produced by dry ice in warm water is condensed water vapour mixed with carbon dioxide.
Water Gas Solid Liquid
