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Principles of Medical Microbiology

Delve into the principles of infectious diseases, exploring topics such as colonization, virulence, epidemiology, and immunity mechanisms. Learn about the symbiotic relationships between microorganisms and the human host, the infectious process, and the various defense mechanisms employed by the immune system. This comprehensive guide covers the evolution of parasitism, strategies to avoid immune clearance, and the role of antimicrobial chemotherapy in combating infections. Gain insights into the intricate interplay between pathogens and the human body in the context of disease progression.

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Principles of Medical Microbiology

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  1. Principles of Medical Microbiology • Principles of Infectious Disease: The Host-Parasite Relationship • Colonization, Normal Microbiota & Symbiotic Relationships • Pathogenicity and Virulence • Mechanisms of Pathogenicity • Epidemiology • Mechanisms of Immunity Beneficial Harmful Manipulated • Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

  2. Principles of Infectious Disease • The Host-Parasite Relationship • Colonization and Normal Microbiota Permanent residents, transients and opportunists • Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism • Pathogenicity and Virulence Evolution of parasitism Attenuation of virulence • The Infectious Process: 1) Exposure: Oral, respiratory, parenteral, etc 2) Attachment: Pili, capsules, proteins, etc 3) Colonization: Metabolism, replication, avoid clearance 4) Tissue Damage: Toxins, invasiveness, immune response

  3. Principles of Infectious Disease • The Host-Parasite Relationship • Colonization and Normal Microbiota Permanent residents, transients and opportunists • Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism • Pathogenicity and Virulence Evolution of parasitism Attenuation of virulence • The Infectious Process: 1) Exposure: Oral, respiratory, parenteral, etc 2) Attachment: Pili, capsules, proteins, etc 3) Colonization: Metabolism, replication, avoid clearance 4) Tissue Damage: Toxins, invasiveness, immune response

  4. Colonization

  5. NormalMicrobiota

  6. Principles of Infectious Disease • The Host-Parasite Relationship • Colonization and Normal Microbiota Permanent residents, transients and opportunists • Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism • Pathogenicity and Virulence -Evolution of parasitism -Attenuation of virulence • The Infectious Process: 1) Exposure: Oral, respiratory, parenteral, etc 2) Attachment: Pili, capsules, proteins, etc 3) Colonization: Metabolism, replication, avoidance of immune clearance 4) Tissue Damage: Toxins, invasiveness, adverse immune response

  7. Routes of Exposure

  8. Attachment

  9. Colonization

  10. Avoiding the Immune Response

  11. Avoiding the Immune Response

  12. Tissue Damage:Invasiveness

  13. TissueDamage:Invasion

  14. Tissue Damage:The Actionof Exotoxins

  15. Epidemiology • Reservoirs of Agents Humans, Animals, Inanimate, Nosocomial • Transmission of Agents Contact, Vectors, Vehicles • Disease Categories Infectious vs contagious; Chronological sequence; Geographical distribution; Incidence rates; Extent of involvement; Agents; Clinical nature

  16. NosocomialInfections

  17. Transmission:How the MicroorganismsSpread

  18. Portals of Entry: How the agents enter the body

  19. Incidence

  20. Emerging Diseases

  21. The Immune System • Functions of the Immune System • Types of Immune Responses • Organization of the Immune System • Innate Defense Mechanisms • Acquired Defense Mechanisms • Applied Immunology A macrophage

  22. The Immune System • Functions of the Immune System Defense – Recognition of… Homeostasis – Recognition of… Surveillance – Recognition of… • Types of Immune Responses Humoral – Transferred by… Cellular – Transferred by… Innate – First and second line defenses Acquired – “Antigen driven” third line defenses Recognition, Specificity, Memory • Organization of the Immune System • Innate Defense Mechanisms • Acquired Defense Mechanisms • Applied Immunology

  23. Epithelial Barriers

  24. Chemical Barriers

  25. The Immune System • Functions of the Immune System • Types of Immune Responses • Organization of the Immune System Cells: Phagocytes: Neutrophils, macrophages, APC’s Antigen responsive cells: B and T cells Tissues: Primary: Bone marrow, thymus Secondary: Lymph nodes, spleen, diffuse lymphoid tissue Molecules: Enzymes, interferons, complement, interleukins, antibody • Innate Defense Mechanisms • Acquired Defense Mechanisms • Applied Immunology

  26. Hematopoiesis

  27. Tissues

  28. The Immune System • Functions of the Immune System • Types of Immune Responses • Organization of the Immune System • Innate Defense Mechanisms Phagocytosis Inflammation Interferon Complement • Acquired Defense Mechanisms • Applied Immunology

  29. Distribution of Phagocytic Cells

  30. Phagocytosis

  31. Inflammation

  32. Interferon

  33. C’

  34. The Immune System • Functions of the Immune System • Types of Immune Responses • Organization of the Immune System • Innate Defense Mechanisms • Acquired Defense Mechanisms -Humoral vs cellular specific immunity -The nature of antigens -The nature of antibodies -The functions of antibodies -Clonal selection -Humoral (antibody) immune responses -Cellular immune responses -Natural killer cells • Applied Immunology

  35. Antigens

  36. Antibodies

  37. Functions ofAntibodies

  38. Passive Transfer of Antibody

  39. ClonalSelection

  40. Antibody Production

  41. Immunity:-APC’s-Ag Processing-Il-1 Production-Ag Presentation-Th Activation-Il-2 Production-Th Development-Th1 and CMI-Th2 and Antibody-Tc Developement-Tc Killing

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