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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Physiology

Discover the foundations of physiology from the ancient Greeks to modern concepts such as homeostasis, scientific inquiry, and experimental designs. Learn about physiological systems, balance within living organisms, and the process of forming hypotheses and theories.

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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Physiology

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  1. Chapter 1: An Introduction to Physiology

  2. Helped to define physiology The power of nature Hippocrates (460-370 B.C.) The healing power of nature Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) with bust of Homer

  3. Physiology is: • the study of the functions of a living organisms and its component parts.

  4. Function versus Process Why RBC carry O2? How does RBC carry O2? Mechanistic Teleological

  5. Physiology covers: atoms to species

  6. Physiology is divided into 10 physiological systems.

  7. Find the 10 systems!

  8. A balance exists between and within external and internal environments.

  9. Loss of balance Balance

  10. Scientific Inquiry and Presentation(These concepts will be used in our lab experiments.)

  11. Scientific Inquiry • Observation • Hypothesis • Experimentation • Control and treatment • Presentation of Data • graphs

  12. Let’s illustrate scientific inquiry.

  13. Researchers have observed that the prostate cancer is a common cancer among all men but incidence of prostate cancer varies by ethnicity.

  14. First the state an hypothesis.

  15. Hypotheses may include the following concepts • Diet may influence onset • Environmental exposure to carcinogens: smoking • DNA mutations

  16. Population based Experimental Designs • Prospective study • Cross sectional study • Retrospective study

  17. Experimental Terms and Concepts • What would be an experiment? • What is a control group? • What is a treatment group? • What is a placebo effect? • What is a nocebo effect? • What is a blind experiment? • What is a double blind experiment

  18. How might you “present” data?

  19. Dependent= onset of puberty Independent variable: “altered/manipulated variable” = % fat

  20. Do all data establish a scientific theory? • Why or why not?

  21. What then is the difference between a hypothesisand a theory? Can a theory be disproven?

  22. Geocentric vs. heliocentric view 1500 years passed Ptolemy 140 A.D. Copernicus 1580

  23. Concepts covered: • Definition of physiology • Names of physiological systems • Dependent and Independent Variables • Terms • Homeostasis • Scientific inquiry

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