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Cells: The Basic Units of Life

Discover the intricate world of cell biology, exploring the fundamental units of life, the cell theory, and two types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Delve into the roles of cell organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes, understanding their functions in cellular activities. Learn about the significance of the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles in maintaining cell health and vitality. Unveil the differences between plant and animal cells, highlighting their unique features and similarities.

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Cells: The Basic Units of Life

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  1. Cells:The Basic Units of Life

  2. How big is a cell? • http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm

  3. The Cell Theory • All organisms are made of cells. • The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. • All cells come from existing cells. THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT SHOWS THAT ALL LIVING THINGS SHARE A SIMILAR STRUCTURE

  4. Two Types of Cells All cells, whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have some common features

  5. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Cells: • Have no membrane covered nucleus • Have no membrane - covered organelles • Have circular DNA • Are bacteria

  6. Two Types of Cells Eukaryotic Cells: • Have a nucleus • Have a membrane - covered organelles • Have linear DNA • Are all other cells

  7. Cell Membrane • Outer layer of cell • Allows nutrients into the cell and wastes outside of the cell “Gate into the city” Cell Membrane

  8. Cytoplasm • Cytoplasm a jelly-like fluid contained in the cell that holds the organelles.

  9. Organelles Organelles are structures that enable the cell to live, grow and reproduce.

  10. The Nucleus • The control center of the cell • Contains the Cell’s DNA DNA “Mayor’s office” Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane

  11. Mitochondria • Power center of cell • Provides the energy the cell needs to move, divide, etc. Outer Membrane “Electric company of the cell” Inner Membrane

  12. Ribosomes • Site where proteins are made • Cell parts are made of proteins “Factories of the cell”

  13. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Transportation system of cell • Rough ER- ribosome's attached • Smooth ER- no ribosome's Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes “Roadways of the cell”

  14. Golgi Complex • Packaging house of cell • Packages, processes, and ships out the stuff the cell makes “UPS of the cell”

  15. Lysosomes • Digests food particles and cell parts • “Garbage men” • Protects cell by digesting foreign invaders • “Police men

  16. A Lysosome is digesting a damaged Mitochondrion and another organelle

  17. Vacuole • Stores water,food & wastes Vacuole

  18. Vacuoles in animal cells are smaller and there are more of them Vacuole is largest organelle in plant cell “Water tower”

  19. Cell Wall • Found only in plant cells • Protects and supports the cell

  20. Chloroplasts • Found only in plant cells • Contains chlorophyll (makes plants green) • Where photosynthesis takes place “restaurant”

  21. Similarities and Differences Plant Cells Animal Cells

  22. Found in Plant and Animal cells: Found only in Plant Cells: Plant or Animal Cell? • Nucleus • Golgi Complex • Mitochondrion • Lyosomes • Endoplasmic • Reticulum • Cell Membrane • Ribosomes • Vacuoles • Chloroplasts • Cell Wall

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