Exploring the World of Plants - A Comprehensive Guide to Plant Diversity

1. Chapter 22: Plant Diversity Biology- Kirby

2. Chapter 22- Plant Diversity • Plant- multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls made of cellulose. • Plants are autotrophs, and use the process of photosynthesis to make their food. • Plant Life Cycle: • Sporophyte- spore-producing plant- diploid phase. • Gametophyte- gamete-producing plant- haploid phase.

3. Chapter 22-Plant Diversity • The first plants evolved from organisms like algae. • Groups of Plants: • Bryophytes-mosses, liverworts, &hornworts. • Nonvascular- absorb water by osmosis.

4. Chapter 22-Plant Diversity • Seedless Vascular Plants- club mosses, horsetails, & ferns. • Vascular- special tissue that carries water and nutrients. • Tracheid- hollow cells in plant tissue. • Xylem- carries water from the roots to the plant parts. • Phloem- carries nutrients & minerals from the soil to the plant parts.

5. Chapter 22-Plant Diversity • Plant structures: • Roots- underground organsthat absorb water and minerals. • Leaves- photosynthetic organs that have vascular tissue. • Veins- bundles of xylem and phloem. • Stems- supporting structures that connect roots and leaves, and carry water and nutrients

6. Chapter 22-Plant Diversity • Seed Plants: • Gymnosperms: seeds are directly on the surface of cones. Include conifers like pines and spruces. • Angiosperms: flowering plants that have seeds within a protective tissue. Include grasses, flowering trees & shrubs, wildflowers, and other flowers.

7. Chapter 22-Plant Diversity • Cones- holds the seeds in gymnosperms. • Flowers- hold the seeds in angiosperms. • Pollen- male gametophyte with sperm. • Pollination- transfer of pollen from male to female reproductive parts. • Seed- plant embryo in a protective covering. • Seed coat- surrounds & protects the embryo and keeps the seed moist.

8. Chapter 22-Plant Diversity • Flower- has ovaries which surround & protect seeds. • Fruit- wall of tissue surrounding the seed. • Angiosperms: • Monocots • Dicots

9. Chapter 22-Plant Diversity • Annuals- complete life cycle in 1 growing season. • Biennials- complete life cycle in 2 years. • Perennials- live for many years.