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Deploying Java applications as JAR files

Deploying Java applications as JAR files. How to package an application so that you can run it outside of Eclipse. Consider an Eclipse project. This application consists of files in two directories, in packages called demo.app and demo.data.

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Deploying Java applications as JAR files

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  1. Deploying Java applications as JAR files How to package an application so that you can run it outside of Eclipse. SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick

  2. Consider an Eclipse project This application consists of files in two directories, in packages called demo.app and demo.data SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick

  3. When you run an application from within Eclipse, it (internally) issues the following command: java –cp “D:\My Docs\se2030\JARDemo\bin” demo.app/JARDemoApp javais the command that runs the Java Virtual Machine • Found at C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_03\bin\java.exe JARDemoApp is the name of the main class demo.app is the package containing the main class (demo.data is the name of the package containing the MyData class) -cp <classpath> specifies the base directory where the .class file(s) for the packages are located • Not including the package subdirectories • The classpath can be specified either relative or absolute SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick

  4. If your class files are in multiple file folders, you must include them all: java –cp “D:\My Docs\se2030\JARDemo\bin; D:\MyDocs\Documents\MSOE\Courses\Example Programs\se2030\UIHelper\bin” demo.app/JARDemoApp -cp <classpath> specifies ALL base directories where the .class file(s) for the packages are located • Note that each directory is separated by a semicolon • With NO space between directories SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick

  5. A Java Archive (JAR) file enables you to bundle multiple files into a single archive file A JAR file is essentially a ZIP file with specific contents: • The files you want to zip into the file • .class files • Source files (.java) if you want to enable debugging • Javadoc files if you want to provide context-sensitive help for the classes in the JAR file • A manifest file (MANIFEST.MF) • Which specifies what’s in the JAR file SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick

  6. The jar utility can be used to create JAR files jar cfm <jarfile> <manifest> -C <bin> <classfiles> jar is the command that runs the jar utility • Same as C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_03\bin\jar.exe jarfile is the name of the JAR file you want to create manifest is the name of a file containing manifest information Note : The contents of the manifest must be encoded in ansi.-C <bin> specifies the location of the classfiles classfiles specifies the files you want to place in the JAR file • Separated by spaces • Must include the full package folder path SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick

  7. To bundle files in the same directory into a JAR file: jar cfm JARDemoApp.jar manifest.txt –C ./bindemo/app/JARDemoApp.class–C ./bin demo/data/MyData.class This assumes: • you are issuing the jar command from within the directory of D:\My Docs\se2030\JARDemo • manifest.txtis in the same directory • Demo/app and demo/data are the names of the packages such that all class files are located in D:\My Docs\se2030\JARDemo\bin\demo\app or D:\My Docs\se2030\JARDemo\bin\demo\data • the capitalization of the class filename is IDENTICAL to the capitalization of the class itself (be careful on Windows because the OS is case-insensitive but Java is NOT) SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick

  8. Manifest details Manifest.txtis an text file containing the following text: Manifest-Version: 1.0 Created-By: 1.6.0_03-b05 (Sun Microsystems Inc.) Main-Class: demo.app.JARDemoApp SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick

  9. To deploy your application, you just have to copy the JAR file to someplace (e.g. C:\temp) on the target PC To run the application bundled within a JAR file, issue the following command: java –jar “C:\temp\JARDemoApp.jar” Or create a shortcut containing the above command SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick

  10. If your JAR file references other JAR files (like Helper.jar)… The Manifest.txtmust contain a reference to the location of the other JAR file(s): Manifest-Version: 1.0 Created-By: 1.6.0_03-b05 (Sun Microsystems Inc.) Main-Class: demo.app.JARDemoApp Class-Path: ./Helper.jar Note that ./ specifies that Helper.jar in this case can be found in the same directory folder as JARDemoApp.jar (i.e. they are both in C:\temp). SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick

  11. Online tutorial • “Packaging Programs in JAR files” • http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/deployment/jar/index.html SE-2030 Dr. Mark L. Hornick

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