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Inca Empire: Ancient Marvels & Intriguing Governance

Journey into the captivating world of the Inca Empire, from the mystical Machu Picchu to the rule of Sapa Incas. Discover their advanced agricultural techniques, expansion under Huayna Capac, and governance by noble leaders. Explore the challenges faced in maintaining the vast empire, their unique systems of record-keeping using quipu, and the strict societal structure. Unravel the fascinating history of this civilization that thrived in the Andes Mountains of Peru.

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Inca Empire: Ancient Marvels & Intriguing Governance

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  1. Machu Picchu • Ancient city of the Inca • Located in the Andes Mountains in Peru • Hiram Bingham rediscovered it in 1911

  2. Challenges of the life in the Empire • Enormous size - 2500 miles long • Various landscape • Coastal deserts • Andes Mountain range • rain forest • Climate varied from tropical to polar • More than 6 million people had to be fed each day

  3. Inca Agricultural Techniques • Terraced mountains sides • Channeled water & diverted river • Filled & drained marshes • People produced corn, potatoes and other produce

  4. Huayna Capac

  5. Expansion of the Inca Empire • Pachacuti • Had a vision that convinced him to see warfare & spread Inca culture • Promised peace & gifts, won many battles • Forced conquered people to obey Inca leaders - allowed them to keep their own language, leaders and gods

  6. Topa Inca Yupaqui • Pachacuti’s son • Enormous empire under him • Used new methods to collect taxes • Huayna Capac • Ruled empire at a high point • Fathered 2 sons - Huascar and Atahualpa - they did not trust eachother • 6 year civil war between the 2 sons • Atahualpa won, but the wars weakened the Inca empire.

  7. Sapa Inca • Descendant of Sun god • Ruled by divine right • Subjects not allowed to look him in the eye • Did not walk as a mortal but carried in a litter • Married to Coya (empress) • Nobles • Capac Incas were Inca nobles by blood • Controlled land & valuable resources • Leaders of the gov’t, army, and priests • Also became governors • Government officials • Many levels of officials • At the bottom were leaders from conquered regions

  8. Ruling a Vast Empire • Used “quipu” to keep records • Consisted of knotted strings • System used to keep records of numbers of days worked, corn and llamas • The empire was divided into households • Every 10 households governed by the head of one household • Collected taxes easily • Inca laws regulated daily life • Jobs designated for everyone & Commoners worked the land • Inca fields, contributed food, Cloth to warehouses • Commoners helped with large scale projects - army & roads

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