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Evolutionary Principles and Evidence

Explore the key principles of evolution and evidence supporting the theory, from fossils to genetic analysis. Understand concepts like natural selection, adaptation, and biogeography. Learn about influential scientists and the process of evolution.

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Evolutionary Principles and Evidence

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  1. Principles of Evolution

  2. Question 1 - 10 • Traces of organisms that existed in the past

  3. Answer 1 – 10 • Fossils

  4. Question 1 - 20 • This theory states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth’s landforms and caused extinction of some species

  5. Answer 1 – 20 • Catastrophism

  6. Question 1 - 30 • This principle states that the changes in landforms result from slow changes over a long period of time

  7. Answer 1 – 30 • Gradualism

  8. Question 1 - 40 • An expanded version of the theory of gradualism – this theory states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are the same through time. Small geologic changes add up over a long time.

  9. Answer 1 – 40 • Uniformitarianism

  10. Question 1 - 50 • Name the scientist who had the following theories: • Species shared ancestors instead of arising separately • Believed in the inheritance of acquired characteristics • All living things were descended from a common ancestor and that more-complex forms of life arose from less complex forms

  11. Answer 1 – 50 • Buffon • Lamarck • E. Darwin

  12. Question 2 - 10 • Differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs

  13. Answer 2 – 10 • Variation

  14. Question 2 - 20 • An inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment

  15. Answer 2 – 20 • Adaptation

  16. Question 2 - 30 • A variation that occurs among members of the SAME species

  17. Answer 2 – 30 • Intraspecific variation

  18. Question 2 - 40 • A variation that occurs among members of a DIFFERENT species

  19. Answer 2 – 40 • Interspecific variation

  20. Question 2 - 50 • Name the islands off of the coast of South America where Darwin gathered a great deal of evidence to support his theory and give two examples of organisms that showed evolution taking place.

  21. Answer 2 – 50 • Galapagos Islands • Tortoises • Finches • Marine Iguanas • Etc.

  22. Question 3 - 10 • Process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits

  23. Answer 3 – 10 • Artificial Selection

  24. Question 3 - 20 • Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals

  25. Answer 3 – 20 • Natural Selection

  26. Question 3 - 30 • The ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next

  27. Answer 3 – 30 • Heritability

  28. Question 3 - 40 • A measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment

  29. Answer 3 – 40 • Fitness

  30. Question 3 - 50 • Name the four main principles of the theory of Natural Selection

  31. Answer 3 – 50 • Variation • Overproduction • Adaptation • Descent with Modification

  32. Question 4 - 10 • The study of the distribution of organisms around the world

  33. Answer 4 – 10 • Biogeography

  34. Question 4 - 20 • The study of the early developmental stages of an organism to determine similarities and differences in species indicating that evolution has taken place

  35. Answer 4 – 20 • Embryology

  36. Question 4 - 30 • Remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor

  37. Answer 4 – 30 • Vestigial structure

  38. Question 4 - 40 • Body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions

  39. Answer 4 – 40 • Homologous structure

  40. Question 4 - 50 • Body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different

  41. Answer 4 – 50 • Analogous structure

  42. Question 5 - 10 • The study of fossils or extinct organisms that continues to provide new information and support current hypotheses about how evolution occurs.

  43. Answer 5 – 10 • Paleontology

  44. Question 5 - 20 • The process of analyzing the sequences of nucleotides in a gene and how they have changed over time due to mutations. It provides evidence that evolution takes place.

  45. Answer 5 – 20 • DNA sequence analysis

  46. Question 5 - 30 • Sequences of DNA nucleotides that no longer function but are still carried along with functional DNA.

  47. Answer 5 – 30 • Pseudogenes

  48. Question 5 - 40 • Genes that control the development of specific structures

  49. Answer 5 – 40 • Homeobox genes

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