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How does information get out of Long-term memory (LTM)?

Explore how information is retrieved from long-term memory (LTM) and the various factors influencing this process, including proactive and retroactive interference, testing methods, retrieval cues, encoding and processing specificity, and state-dependent memory. Discover practical memory strategies to enhance recall.

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How does information get out of Long-term memory (LTM)?

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  1. How does information get out of Long-term memory (LTM)? Factors influencing retrieval from LTM • Proactive and retroactive interference • Methods of testing • Retrieval cues • Who generates the cues for recall? • Specificity of encoding and of processing • State-dependent memory Some practical memory strategies

  2. Attention Encoding LTM Indefinite duration Retrieval Three-Stores Model of Memory Maintenance Rehearsal Sensory Memory Working Memory LTM Sensory Input Indefinite duration .5” - 3” duration 10” - 15” duration Retrieval

  3. Retroactive Interference? Learn Material Test for Recall of Material Proactive Interference? Learn Material Test for Recall of Material

  4. 100 80 60 % of syllables recalled 40 20 0 2 1 3 4 7 6 8 5 Demonstrating retroactive interference Hours from time of learning

  5. (Gleitman, ch. 8, p. 291) • Instruction: • Identify only the actual colours of the words • (Don’t read the words themselves!) The Stroop Effect

  6. Methods of testing recall:

  7. 100 80 60 % of words recalled 40 20 0 1 2 3 Number of cues provided for retrieval Value of self-generated retrieval cues

  8. Specificity of Encoding:

  9. Specificity of Processing Modality 100 80 60 % of words recalled 40 20 0 meaning sound Type of cue provided during retrieval

  10. State-dependent memory 100 80 60 % of words recalled 40 20 0 placebo marijuana Condition during retrieval

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