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Understanding Eating Disorders: An Overview of Symptoms and Treatments

Explore the severe disruptions in normal eating patterns and distorted body image perception of various eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating disorders. Learn about assessment, diagnosis, and effective treatment approaches including medication and psychotherapy.

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Understanding Eating Disorders: An Overview of Symptoms and Treatments

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  1. Chapter 11 Eating Disorders

  2. Eating disorders • Severe disruptions in normal eating patterns & a significant disturbance in the perception of body shape and weight • Can often lead to death • Categories • Anorexia Nervosa: self-starvation, fear of gaining wt, disturbances in self-evaluation wt & amenorrhea • Bulimia: repeated episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting • Eating Disorders NOS: disorders of eating that do not meet criteria of anorexia or bulimia • Prevalence & Comorbidity • Culturally influenced with varying prevalence • >50% have a concurrent psychiatric disorder

  3. Theory • Etiology • Varied & complex • Include a biological predisposition activated by psychological, environmental & cultural factors • Models • Neurobiological & Endocrine • Neuroendocrine abnormalities are noted in both anorexia & bulimia • Genetic • Strong evidence of genetic vulnerability • Psychological • Play a role in setting off biological predisposition

  4. Application of nursing process: anorexia nervosa • Assessment • Cachectic, lanugo, mottled cool skin, 85% < ideal body weight • Assessment guidelines • Diagnosis: Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements • Outcomes Identification • Planning • Implementation • Acute Care, Communication Guidelines, Health Teaching and Promotion, Milieu Therapy, Psychotherapy (CBT, Psychodynamic, Group & Family) • Medication: Prozac-useful reducing occurrence relapse • Recovery requires long term treatment • Evaluation

  5. Application of nursing process: bulimia nervosa • Assessment -May not appear physically or emotionally ill -May be slightly above or below ideal body wt -Assessment guidelines • Diagnosis: Disturbed body image, Chronic low self esteem • Outcomes Identification • Planning • Implementation -Acute Care, Communication Guidelines, Health Teaching and Promotion, Milieu Therapy, Psychotherapy (CBT is the most effective) -Medication: SSRI (Fluoxetine) produces most improvement • Evaluation -Short & immediate goals are revised

  6. Binge eating disorders • Variant of compulsive overeating • Overeating a symptom of depression • High rates of mood & personality disorders • Majority recover • Pharmacology • SSRIs: Sertraline (Zoloft) reduced the frequency of binges & overall severity of the illness • CBT is the most effective treatment

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