Objectives

1. Section 19.3 Kinds of STIs Objectives I Can Identify three of the most common STIs, including their symptoms and treatments. I Can List four other STIs and describe their symptoms. I Can Know when a person should seek treatment for an STI.

2. Fact STIs caused by viruses cannot be treated with antibiotics. Antibiotics are only used to treat STIs caused by bacteria. Several STIs caused by viruses cannot be cured and can cause lifelong health problems. Do you think most teens are aware that some STIs are not easily treated? And that some may persist for years? Explain your answer. Myth All STIs can be treated with antibiotics.

3. MYTHS OF STIs/STDsTrue or False • Most people with an STI experience painful symptoms. • Birth control pills prevent the spread of STIs. • The most common STI caused by bacteria in the United States is chlamydia • Abstinence is the best way to prevent STIs • If you get an STI once, and are treated, you can’t get it again. • A person does not need to see a doctor if she/he notices scores on his/her genitals once, but then they go away. • Condoms help prevent the spread of STIs. • STIs can be spread from person to person through blood and body fluids such as semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. • Males usually have a thick, puslike discharge from the penis and painful urinationfrom gonorrhea. • Genital warts growths that appear on the vagina or penis, near the anus, and sometimes in the throat.

4. STIs/STDs • STIs are diseases and infections which are capable of being spread from person to person through: • Sexual intercourse • Oral-genital contact or in non-sexual ways. • IV drug use (shared needles).

5. The Most Common STIs • STIs are caused by pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoans. • STIs can be spread from person to person through blood and body fluids such as semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. • Three of the most common STIs in the United States are genital warts, gonorrhea, and chlamydia.

6. Symptoms What are the symptoms? How would I know if I have been infected? Sores (either painful or painless) Blood in urine Burning sensation when urinating Rashes Itching Bumps Warts Unusual discharge

7. Trichomoniasis • The STI known as trichomoniasis(trik uh moh NY uh sis) is caused by a protozoan that infects the urinary tract or vagina. • In males, if trichomoniasis is not treated, it can lead to inflammation of the lining of the urethra, called urethritis (yoor uh THRY tis). • In females, untreated trichomoniasis can lead to vaginitis (vaj uh NY tis), which is a vaginal infection or irritation.

8. Human Papilloma Virus • The most common viral STI in the United States is caused by the human papilloma virus(pap uh LOH muh), or HPV. • Some forms of HPV cause genital warts. • One of the most serious conditions associated with HPV infection is cervical cancer in women.

9. Chlamydia • The most common STI caused by bacteria in the United States is chlamydia (kluh MID ee uh). • Infected males often experience painful, frequent urination and discharge from the penis. • In females, chlamydia often has no symptoms other than a yellowish vaginal discharge. • If untreated, chlamydia can cause a serious infection of the reproductive organs called pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID.

10. For: More on sexually transmitted infections Click above to go online.

14. Other STIs Hepatitis • Hepatitis B and C, also called HBV and HCV, are sexually transmitted infections that attack the liver. • They are also spread by blood-to-blood contact. • Common symptoms are fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, and jaundice. • Both infections may lead to liver cancer or cirrhosis (sih ROH sis), a condition in which normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue. • There is no cure for HBV or HCV.

15. Other STIs Gonorrhea • A bacterial STI that infects the urinary tract of males and females and the reproductive organs of females is gonorrhea (gahn uh REE uh). • Gonorrhea in males usually have a thick, puslike discharge from the penis and painful urination. • Gonorrhea females sometimes experience painful urination and a puslike discharge from the vagina or urinary tract.

16. Gonorrhea

17. Symptoms of Gonorrhea • Appear 5-7 days or can take up to 30 days to appear. • sore or red throat if you have gonorrhea in the throat from oral sex. • rectal pain. • blood and puss in bowel movements if you have gonorrhea in the rectum from anal sex.

18. FEMALE SYMPTOMS: • Symptoms may show up 2-21 days after having sex. • May notice a yellow or white discharge from the vagina. • May be a burning or pain when urinating. • Bleeding between periods. • Heavier and more painful periods. • Cramps or pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes with nausea or fever. • MALE SYMPTOMS: • Yellow or white drip/discharge from penis. • Burning or pain when urinating. • Frequent urinating. • Swollen testicles.

19. Other STIs Genital Herpes • Another STI caused by a virus is genital herpes (HUR peez). • The virus that causes genital herpes is the herpes simplex virus. • In some people, the symptoms may be hardly noticeable. • In other people, symptoms may be more severe, including painful blisters that appear on or around the genitals. • There is no cure for genital herpes.

20. Herpes

21. Genital Warts • Growths that appear on the vagina or penis, near the anus, and sometimes in the throat. • They are caused by viruses and spread through sexual contact. • The virus that causes genital warts is spread by vaginal or anal intercourse and by oral sex. • Warts may appear within several weeks after sex with a person who has HPV; or they may take months or years to appear; or they may never appear. • A person can be infected and pass on the virus without knowing it. • Approximately 5.5 million new cases of sexually transmitted HPV (one third of all new STIs) occur in the U.S. each year, with at least 20 million people currently infected. • Three out of four Americans between the ages of 15 and 49 have been infected with genital HPV in their lifetimes.

22. Other STIs Syphilis Syphilis (SIF uh lis) is a serious bacterial STI that progresses through three distinct stages. • In the first stage, a painless sore called a chancre (SHANG kur) appears at the site of exposure. • In the second stage, sores appear in the mouth and flulike symptoms develop. • In the third stage, bacteria attack internal parts of the body. • Eventually, untreated syphilis can cause brain damage, paralysis, and heart disease.

23. Syphilis – 1st Stage

24. Symptoms • Usually the warts look like tiny cauliflowers, but sometimes they are flat. • The warts may cause itching, burning and some pain, but often don’t cause any pain at all. • Warts may be inside the vagina or on the cervix, or in the rectum or throat, so you might not notice them. • They might also be so small that you cannot see them.

25. Pubic Lice = Crabs • Pubic lice are called “crabs” because they look like crabs. • Crabs are frequently the color and size of small freckles. These very small lice (crabs) usually attack the sexual (pubic) areas of the body. • Found under arms, eyelashes, moustaches. • Spread through direct physical contact. Close body contact with an infected person. • SYMPTOMS: A terrible, persisting itch in the genital, rectal (sexual) area.

26. Crabs – under microscope

28. Seeking Treatment • People who participate in high-risk behaviors should get medical checkups every six months. • Individuals who suspect they may be infected should seek prompt medical attention. • Depending on the symptoms, the doctor may need to do a physical exam or a blood test. • If a person finds out that he or she has an STI, it is also important to notify any sexual partners, so they can seek treatment as well.

29. Vocabulary trichomoniasis A sexually transmitted infection caused by a protozoan that infects the urinary tract or vagina. urethritis Inflammation of the lining of the urethra. vaginitis A vaginal infection or irritation. human papilloma virus A very common viral sexually transmitted infection. chlamydia A very common sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria. pelvic inflammatory disease A serious infection of the female reproductive organs that can lead to infertility or an ectopic pregnancy.

30. Vocabulary gonorrhea A bacterial sexually transmitted infection that infects the urinary tract of males and females and the reproductive organs of females. genital herpes A sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. syphilis A serious bacterial sexually transmitted infection that progresses through three distinct stages. chancre A painless sore that appears during the first stage of syphilis infection.

31. QuickTake Quiz Click to start quiz.

32. End of Section 19.3 Click on this slide to end this presentation.