Health and Wellness

1. Health and Wellness

2. Before the 1900’s what was the leading cause of death? INFECTIOUS DISEASES Why? People lived their life until something went wrong and then they would go see a doctor to get it fixed. The problem with this was that it might not have be able to be fixed. At that time, there was not much focus on prevention.

3. Infectious Diseases are diseases that are spread through pathogens. Pathogensare agents that invade the body and cause you to be sick. The 2 most common pathogens are Bacteria and Viruses. What is the difference between Bacteria and Viruses?

4. Viruses are tiny pathogens that survive and replicate only inside living cells. They cannot be killed with antibiotics. Any medication taken treats the symptoms. Bacteria are single celled organisms that can be treated with medication. Antibiotics can slow or kill the growth of the bacteria if taken completely.

5. Infectious Diseases are spread 4 ways: • Person to person • Food and water • Environment • Animals

6. Stages of Diseases 1. Infection 2. Incubation Pathogen Multiplies Relapse May Occur 3. Prodromal (Symptoms) 4. Illness When a pathogen enters the body, it goes through certain stages before your body gets rid of it. 5. Recovery/ Death

7. How does our body fight off infections? The first line of defense against pathogens is our SKIN

8. What is inflammation and how does it help fight infection? • Inflammationis a response that shows that the body is attacking pathogens. • Inflammation is the 2nd line of defense against disease. • Inflammation is a reaction to injury or infection that is characterized by pain, redness, and swelling.

9. If a pathogen gets past the physical barriers, what is the last line of defense against infections? Immune System The white blood cells produce antibodies that travel through the lymphatic system to fight the pathogens.

10. Stages of the Immune System As the pathogen is going through its stages, the immune system is also going through stages to get rid of the pathogen. Recognition Mobilization Immunity Disposal

11. So how can we prevent infectious diseases from spreading?

12. Some infectious diseases can be prevented by Immunizations • An immunization (vaccine) is a shot used to help prevent contracting a specific disease. • A small amount of the pathogen is put in the body so the immune system can develop antibodies. Then if you are exposed to that same pathogen, you can fight it off without getting the disease.

13. Laws about Immunization… • The Texas Department of Health has ruled that students must have up to date immunizations in order to attend school unless an exemption has been filed with the school. • Reason for Exemptions: • Medical • Unless it is written in the statement that a lifelong condition exists, the exemption statement is valid for only one year from the date signed by the physician. • Religious • Too soon after another immunization • Immune due to having had the disease • Vaccine shortage

14. What are some other things you can do to help prevent yourself from getting sick?

15. Eat right • Get enough sleep • Exercise • Do not smoke • Get regular • checkups • Practice good hygiene • Reduce stress • Drink plenty of water • Get vaccines • Avoid sick people

16. So if Infectious Diseases used to be the leading cause of death in the 1900’s… …what do you think is the leading cause of death today?

17. LIFESTYLE DISEASES Why? While we take more preventive measures against getting sick, we make poorer lifestyle choices that affect our health.

18. Lifestyle Diseases got their name because they are greatly influenced by the choices we make like smoking, bad eating habits, lack of exercise, not getting enough sleep, etc… These are called CONTROLLABLE FACTORS because we have control over these choices. We can change them if we want.

19. While our lifestyle choices have a great influence on us getting certain diseases, there are also some other factors that can contribute to disease. However, we do have not have any control over these factors. These are called UNCONTROLLABLE FACTORS

20. What are 4 things about yourself that you cannot change that can influence you getting certain diseases? Age Race Gender heredity

21. Other factors affecting our health today… What do you think is the leading cause of death among teenagers?

22. #1 Motor Vehicle Accidents MAKE UP 67% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19 (out of all unintentional injuries 42%). In 2009, more than 3,000 teens in the US aged 15–19 were killed and  more than 350,000 were treated in emergency departments for injuries suffered in motor vehicle crashes.  

23. Did you know…

24. Factors that often lead to car crashes are SPEEDING, AGGRESSIVENESS, & IMPAIRED DRIVING. But the factor that contributes most often to automobile accidents is… Driver Behavior

25. What do you think are some of the most common driver behaviors that lead to crashes?

26. One of the biggest growing problems is Texting and Driving

28. What are some things you can do to help avoid being in an accident? • Don’t drive under the influence. • Avoid driving while tired. • Leave room between you and the car in front of you, especially if the weather is bad. • Drive the speed limit. • Wear your seat belt. • Be courteous to other drivers. • Be aware of road conditions.

29. Organ Donation: when you get your driver’s license, you have an option to choose to be an organ donor. What are your thoughts about organ donation?

30. Organ Donation • One Donor Can: • Save the lives of8people. • Enhance the lives of more than 50 people. • Fast Facts: • More than 110,000 people are waiting for a transplant. • More than 10,000 of those people are from Texas. • Every 10 minutes a new name is added to the waiting list.

31. Donating Organs: • Even if a teenager signs the back of his or her driver’s license to indicate organ donor status, the family still has to give permission in the event of a tragedy. • Anyone can go online and register to be an organ donor at www.donatelifetexas.org/register

32. Myths and facts about organ donation: MYTH: If I am in an accident and the hospital knows that I want to be an organ and tissue donor, the doctors will not try to save my life. Truth: Organ and tissue recovery takes place only after all efforts to save your life have been exhausted and death has been legally declared. MYTH: I am not the right age for organ or tissue donation. TRUTH: Organs may be donated from birth to old age. There is no age limit for tissue donation.

33. Myth: Rich and famous people go to the top of the list when they need a donor organ. Fact: The rich and famous aren't given priority when it comes to allocating organs. It may seem that way because of the amount of publicity generated when celebrities receive a transplant, but they are treated no differently from anyone else. The reality is that celebrity and financial status are not considered in organ allocation.

34. The other leading causes of death among teenagers: # 2 Homicide~MAKES UP 17%OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19#3 Suicide~MAKES UP 15% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19#4 Cancer ~MAKES UP 6% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19#5 Heart Disease~MAKES UP 3% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19

35. CDC 2009 While unintentional injury is listed as the #1 cause of death with 4,807 deaths, of those deaths, 3,242 are from motor vehicle accidents, so we consider motor vehicle accidents as the #1 cause of death among 15 – 19 yr. olds.

36. What are some other types of unintentional injury?

37. electrocution An injury caused by electricity entering the body. This can destroy vital tissues

38. suffocation A fatal injury caused by an inability to breathe when the nose and mouth are blocked or when the body becomes oxygen-deficient

39. The most common types of unintentional injuries in the workplace are Falls. Explosions. Toxic hazards. Electrocution. Fires.

40. What is the government agency that was created to help prevent work-related injuries, illness, and death? Occupational Safety Health Administration

41. RULES OF GUN SAFETY • Assume every gun is loaded until you have checked the action of the gun yourself. • Open the action of the gun when you first pick it up. • Open the action of the gun before passing it to another person.

42. OTHER RULES OF GUN SAFETY • Never shoot at a hard flat surface or water. • Never drink or take drugs before or while shooting. • Always be sure the action and barrel are clear of obstructions. • Store hunting arms under lock and key and in a separate location from the ammunition. • Always unload before crossing a ditch, climbing a fence, entering a stand, or encountering an obstacle.

43. Who helps to keep a community healthy? What role do health care professionals and/or agencies have in promoting a healthy community? Do you know what some of the health care agencies are in our community?

44. Preventive Options

45. Preventive Options

46. Preventive Options

47. Treatment Options

48. If you were an expensive, one-of-a- kind car, what measures would you take to make sure you stayed in tip-top condition? What measures do you take to prevent anything going wrong with your body?