Reconstruction: The Rebuilding of a Nation

1. List 3 details that you see. When/Where do you think this is?What emotions does the picture draw out?

7. Reconstruction: The Rebuilding of a Nation 1865-1877

8. Recap: How The Civil War Ends • 1864 Union General Sherman “March to the Sea” – TN to Savannah, GA • 1864 Lincoln Re-elected • General Lee surrenders to Grant April 1865 • War ends June 1865 • NOW WHAT?

9. Issues of Reconstruction • How will southern states rejoin the Union? • What should be done with Southern leaders? • What rights will African-Americans have?

10. Lincoln’s 10% Plan • His goal is for a quick recovery for the union • He comes up with a plan to admit southern states back into the Union if 10% of voters swear loyalty

11. “Radical” Republicans • Mostly northerners • Want to help African-Americans get rights WHO WERE THE RADICAL REPUBLICANS? Freedman’s Bureau • An organization set up by Congress to assist freed slaves with daily life (provides food, clothing, jobs, education)

12. Josiah Washington, Former Slave in South Carolina:“The Freedman’s Bureau has been the best thing for my family since Lincoln made his Proclamation in 1863. My sister has been treated for her illness and her life saved at the Freedman’s Hospital near Charleston. Plus, my children are starting school this year under the Freedman’s program.”

13. April 1865 –Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth His VP Andrew Johnson becomes president Little sympathy for African-American struggles – he fights with the Radical Republicans!

14. Johnson’s Plan Andrew Johnson: “The time has come for us to heal the scars and wounds of this Great War. We must repair this Union immediately. My Plan for Reconstruction is this. Each state must withdraw its secession, swear allegiance to the Union . . . and ratify the 13th Amendment. With these conditions met, let the states of the South rejoin our great Union. I will pardon Confederate leaders that demonstrate true remorse for their actions, and I do not say that suffrage (voting) is now the right of the freed Negro. No, sir, white men alone must manage the South.” • Southern states must pass the 13th Amendment (abolish slavery) to re-join the Union

15. Friday Back Warm-Up Journal # 15 Imagine that you are a freed slave, what is the first thing you do? What goals might you have, how would you achieve those goals?

16. Reconstruction Amendments • 13th Amendment (1865): outlaws slavery • 14th Amendment (1866): guarantees equality to all citizens (including African Americans) • 15th Amendment (1870): gives African American (males only) right to vote

17. Black Codes:used to control African-Americans in the South • No ownership of land • Limited job opportunities “1865 has been a terrible year of loss of pride and the Confederacy. However, we will not lose our dignity in our own lands. . . The races must remain separated, and the Negro being inferior must not be allowed to hold power in our communities. We have successfully drafted a measure of Black Codes. This will prevent the Negro from carrying weapons, serving on juries, testifying against Whites, marrying Whites, traveling without a permit, and most of all not owning land.”

18. Congress’ Plan: Military Reconstruction Act (1867) • Divides the south into 5 military districts governed by Union generals until they agreed to the 14th amendment

19. Congress vs. Johnson • Johnson tries to fire Secretary of War (last Radical Republican in his cabinet) • House votes to impeach Johnson • Johnson promises to enforce the Reconstruction Acts and avoids removal from office Impeach: charge with doing something wrong while in office

20. Monday Warm-Up Can you pass the Alabama Voter Literacy Test?

21. Carpetbaggers: People who moved from North to South to take advantage of South and make $$

22. Political Cartoons: The Burden of Reconstruction ANALYZE Political Cartoons: The Burden of Reconstruction

23. Life for Freed Slaves How was this similar and different to slavery? • Many freed slaves were sharecroppers. • A landowner gives a poor farmer a portion of land to farm with + tools + seed. • In exchange the sharecropper has to give the landowner most of his crop – can’t ever make enough money to buy his own land • Effects: It kept freed slaves financially dependent on landowners.

24. Sharecropping Cycle of Poverty CHART Chart: Sharecropping Cycle of Poverty

26. Other problems for Freed Slaves 1.The Ku Klux Klan - white Southerners who terrorized African Americans 2. Jim Crow Laws - segregated Southern society – separate facilities and rules for African Americans 3. Plessy v. Ferguson - Supreme Court case that rules segregation is legal - “separate but equal” Segregation: Separation of the races

28. Example of a Jim Crow Law

29. How did Reconstruction End? • White southerners (known as redeemers) take back power in the South • The south is nicknamed the “Solid South” because they always vote for the Democratic party (Remember the Republican Party was anti-slavery and tried to help freed slaves)

30. The Compromise of 1877 • Rutherford B. Hayes becomes President but in return he agrees to remove federal troops from the South.

31. Effects of Reconstruction QUICK STUDY Quick Study: Effects of Reconstruction