Navigating Organizational Culture and External Leadership Challenges

1. External Environment The Organization Organizational Structure Organizational Power Human Relations Organizational Culture

2. “[O]ne of the crucial functions of leadership is to provide guidance at precisely those times when habitual ways of doing things no longer work, or when a dramatic change in the environment requires new responses” (Schein, 1984, p. 9)

3. External environment and Leadership Challenges and Opportunities • The level of competition • Addressing growing pressures for accountability to external stakeholders • Gain access to more resources • Adapting to external changes • Engage external stakeholders in support of the work • Developing a strategic plan that is clear enough to guide the work, but not too rigid that it constrains innovation and change

4. Organizational culture: Defined by Edgar Schein • “the pattern of basic assumptions that a given group has invented, discovered, or developed in learning to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, and that have worked well enough to be considered valid, and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems” (Schein, 1992, p. 12).

5. Culture: deep, pervasive, enduring patterns of interaction (the meteorological zone) Climate: current perceptions and attitudes (the daily weather patterns)