1 / 27

A Short History of English

A Short History of English. Rate yourself…. When did you start reading as a child? Did your parents read to you when you were little? How much? How little? Do you continue to read on your own now?. Importance of Vocabulary.

job
Download Presentation

A Short History of English

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. A Short History of English

  2. Rate yourself… When did you start reading as a child? Did your parents read to you when you were little? How much? How little? Do you continue to read on your own now?

  3. Importance of Vocabulary Students who begin school with smaller vocabularies remain at academic disadvantage throughout their schooling. Vocab is a bridge between phonics (sounds of words) and comprehension (understanding what you’ve read).

  4. Three Language Concepts 1) Language changes a) Borrowed • Alcohol, adobe, rodeo b) New creations • Paparazzi, to Google, mouse (computer) • Xerox c) Holocaust vs holocaust

  5. 2) Language grows older – becomes grammatically less complex 1) The split infinitive • I want to read effectively. • I want to effectively read. 2) Who vs whom • There ARE rules, but most people don’t know or care about them!

  6. 3) Political power determines the prestige of a language / dialect How does Spanish rank as a language in the US? How does Arabic? Chinese? How does a Southern dialect?

  7. History of English A borrowed language “Mutt” Has its evolution Many additional influences Continues to evolve

  8. Direct Evolution • From German • Structure • Notice it with adjectives • The blue car • Adjective comes first!

  9. Old English - Beowulf

  10. Influences • From Greek • From Latin • Roots and affixes • Notice it with word bases and affixes • Sub = always means “under” • Tri = always means “three”

  11. The Roman Empire

  12. The Romance Languages • NOT as in “oo, la, la” romance • YES as in…from Rome…Latin! a. French b. Italian c. Portuguese d. Spanish e. Romanian f. Catalan – Barcelona (Spain) g. Provencal (France)

  13. Why do Roots Matter? 90% of English words have Latin roots Other 10% are probably Greek based A single Latin root generates 5-20 English words

  14. Brief Example

  15. Roots and Affixes • Roots • Form of a word after all affixes are removed. • The base of a word • Affixes • linguistic element added to a word or root to produce a new word or form form

  16. Affixes • Prefix • Attach to front of a root • Suffix • Attach to end of a root • Infix • Attach INSIDE a root • English doesn’t formally have these!

  17. What’s Cool About Roots? Root and affixes maintain meaning through a variety of words. If you learn a vocabulary list you learn the amount of words on that list. If you learn affixes, you learn thousands of new words instantaneously!

  18. For Example • Sub- • Under, beneath • Submarine • Subway • Subclavian artery • Subtropical • Subservient

  19. Another Example • -cide • To kill • Suicide • Regicide • Matricide • Patricide • Homicide

  20. Roots Together -Cide Homacide Regicide Matricide Suicide Fratri- Fraternity Fraternal Fraternize Fraternalism Fratricide “to kill one’s brother”

  21. Infix? • Affix stuck in the middle of an existing root to change meaning • English doesn’t formally have these • iz or izn • characteristic of hip-hop slang • hizouse for house • Ma • gives a word an ironic pseudo-sophistication • sophistimacated, saxomaphone, and edumacation.

  22. USNAVI What am I doing? What am I doing? It takes most of that cash just to save my ass from financial ruin Sonny can keep the coffee brewin’ and I'll spend a few on you cause the only room with a view's a room with you in it And I could give Abuela Claudia the rest of it Just fly me down to Puerta Plata, I'll make the best of it. You really love this business? SONNY No. USNAVI Tough, merry Christmas. You're now the youngest tycoon in Washington Hiznits. SONNY Yo! With 96,000, I'd finally fix housing give the barrio computers and wireless web browsing Your kids are living without a good edumacation change the station, Teach them about gentrification, the rent is escalating

  23. What do we DO with this? Come across a word you don’t know…. Examine its roots Remember what those roots mean Categorize the new word based upon what you know Get a “ball park” definition of the new word! Party on!

  24. Can’t Remember All? • Connect what you see with what you DO know! • Anterior cruciate ligament • Cruc- looks like cross or crucify • Semi spheroid • Semiannual sale happens every half of a year

  25. Practice! Binomial nomenclature Subdermalhemotoma Semi-membranosus Doctorate of jurisprudence Astrophobia Triumvirate

More Related