Regional Network of Local Authorities for the Management of Human Settlements

1. Transferring Effective Practices:Guidelines Presented by Dato’ Lakhbir Singh ChahlSecretary General, CITYNET Regional Network of Local Authorities forthe Management of Human Settlements

2. NETWORKING PARTNERSHIPS DECENTRALISED COOPERATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - SHARING INNOVATIVE IDEAS & SOLUTIONS - CREATING STRATEGIES FOR ADAPTATION & IMPLEMENTATION Introduction TRANSFERRINGEFFECTIVE PRACTICES

3. Before: Donor to Recipient RECIPIENT CITY CITY DONOR Now: Peer-to-Peer (City-to-City) Promote technical cooperation Better matching supply and demand Peer-to-Peer Transfers CITYNET encourages peer-to-peer transfer by city-to-city cooperation, promoting best practice transfers at the LOCAL LEVEL

4. Yokohama Dhaka Taipei Hanoi Makati Lyon Bangkok Colombo Mumbai Karachi Shanghai Seoul Chittagong Suva Shanghai Kathmandu Kuala Lumpur Peer-to-Peer Transfers

5. Peer-to-Peer Transfers EFFECTIVENESS: • More effective transfers between socially and economically similar cities • Similar cities face similar problems and are able to form cooperative solutions What city networks such as CITYNET have to offer: • opportunities for the identification of common issues, problems and solutions • sharing of knowledge, expertise and experience • establishment of regional and national networks of urban practitioners • documentation and dissemination of effective practices • initiation of dialogues between cities • training activities; organisation of study tours

6. Elements of a Transfer Feasibility Factors for Transfers Tangible Impact Partnership Sustainability Three Main Types of Transfers Technical Informational Managerial

7. Elements of a Transfer Four Principal Steps for Effective Transfers

8. Governments – National, State, Local Private Sector City Officials Media Professional and Civic Organisations Academic/Research Organisations NGOs and CBOs Foundations Elements of a Transfer Key Actors in Transfers Each has an important and specific role to play

9. Suggested Actors and Possible Functions of Key Roles Political Support Financial Support Technical Support Admin. Support Facilitator/ Mediator Government X X X City Officials X X X X NGOs/ CBOs X X X Private Sector X X X Professional Associations X X X X Media X X X Academic/Research Organisations X X X Foundations X X X Multi- and Bi-lateral Support Programs X X X X X Elements of a Transfer Suggested Actors and Possible Functions of Key Roles

10. Suggested Actors and Possible Functions of Key Roles Elements of a Transfer Process Indicators for the Effective Transfer of Practices PARTICIPATION Does the transfer involve and/or promote participation of all possible stakeholders? TRANSPARENCY Is the transfer process open and accessible to all stakeholders? ACCOUNTABILITY Are mechanisms in place to ensure accountability for actions and responsibilities of all partners involved? INCLUSION Is the participation of all potential stakeholders considered in the transfer’s design? FINANACIAL FEASIBILITY Are resources and/or funding available to realize and sustain the initiative? Are funding alternatives identified? SUSTAINABILITY Does the initiative consider the economic, environmental and social needs without trading off one at the great expense of the other, now or in the future?

11. Elements of a Transfer KEY COMPONENTS OF A TRANSFER

12. OBSTACLES: Political resistance to change… Staff resistance to change… Inappropriate rules and regulations… Corruption… Inability to work across departmental or divisional boundaries… Little or no local involvement in policy formulation and decision-making… RESPONSES: …face-to-face meetings with officials …training to empower staff …peer-to-peer learning and study tours to create awareness of problems …best practices forge ”win-win” situations to overcome corruption …study tours and staff exchanges involving a team of decision-makers …demonstrate effectiveness of local partnerships through best practice transfers Overcoming Obstacles and Challenges

13. Overcoming Obstacles and Challenges Flexibility and Innovation are a Fundamental Requirement To Any Transfer

14. Engage in broad dialogue and consider how others have introduced participatory planning and decision-making processes Involves multiple stakeholders and actors in the process of implementation, ensuring transparency and accountability By recognising and acknowledging local communities’ potential and real contributions to bettering their own living environment Building on New Opportunities through Best Practice Transfers Overcoming Obstacles and Challenges Policy Reform EnsuringTransparency &Accountability Empowering theLocal Communityand NGOS

15. a common or shared set of problems and issues similarities in social, economic and demographic contexts local support for such partnerships and co-operative exchanges similarities in social, economic and demographic contexts a mutual commitment to share and to learn documented evidence of a proven solution in the form of a good or best practice an understanding of the similarities and differences in administrative and political contexts and procedures Considerations for the Selection of Partners and Projects

16. Types of technical cooperation Agreements Study Tour HOST PARTICIPANT Study Tour with action planning Staff Exchange Staff secondment/experts Technical Cooperation Agreement Long term peer-to-peer learning, exchange, study tours, etc. Twinning Agreement Clarifying Capacity – Scales of Transfer Agreements Considerations for the Selection of Partners and Projects

17. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Promoting the Compost Bins as an Alternative Solution for Household Waste Disposal TCDC Advisory Services CITYNET AS INTERMEDIARY Experts from Bangkok, SEVANATHA And Sri Lankan Cities Makati, Muntinlupa and Baguio • Resulted in the following proposals: • Pilot waste segregation at barangay level with support from SEVANATHA • Maximizing composting at the dumpsite • Organizing waste pickers into waste recyclers at barangay level. Photo: AX Walde

18. Transfer from Yokohama to Penang CITYNET facilitated successful transfers from Yokohama to Penang (1993 – 1995) PENANG CITY Photo: Bernadia Photo: Bernadia Yokohama Penang (Malaysia) Results: Solid waste management: (a) Launch of recycling activities by Penang Municipality, (b) Solid waste data collection and management. Urban Design: (a) Master plan for George Town Areas and Campbell Street. Road management: (a) Traffic safety plan for Penang and (b) the development of parking lots. TCDC TAS (Technical Advisory Services): -- Experts from Yokohama were assigned -- • TCDC Study Visit and Training: • - Penang staff visited Yokohama for study tours and training --

19. Considerations for the Selection of Partners and Projects

20. Hosts also learn from visiting teams and benefit from reviewing their own practice Learning takes place at individual, organisational, and institutional levels Product champions play a critical role in the transfer process Successful implementation of transfers requires partnerships; a participatory, integrated and flexible approach Transfer provides a non-crisis incentive for cross-cultural collaboration Lessons Learned

21. Transfer is not only a product but also a process Extraneous factors can derail a transfer Open-ended learning works best Failures teach as much as success Assessing cost-effectiveness of initiatives is important Understand the local context to assess opportunities and constraints of a transfer It is important to celebrate the replicator Lessons Learned

22. Empowering People Formalizing and Strengthening Mechanisms for Participation Transparency, Trust, & Openness Strategic & Comprehensive Planning Leadership and Change – “Thinking Outside the Box” OPPORTUNTIES FOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT Lessons Learned

23. STRATEGIC PROCESS FOR PROGRAM EVALUATION Monitoring, Evaluation & Feedback

24. 5F International Organisations Center, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220-0012, JAPAN Tel: 81-45-2232161; Fax: 81-45-2232162 E-mail: info@citynet-ap.org; URL: www.citynet-ap.org/