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The urinary system

The urinary system. 7.4. From the Heart to the Pelvis. Aorta  renal arteries  kidneys. Kidney: fist-shaped, about 0.5 kg. Can hold as much as 25% of body’s blood. . Wastes are filtered from blood by kidneys and conducted to the urinary bladder by ureters .

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The urinary system

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  1. The urinary system 7.4

  2. From the Heart to the Pelvis Aorta  renal arteries  kidneys. Kidney: fist-shaped, about 0.5 kg. Can hold as much as 25% of body’s blood.

  3. Wastes are filtered from blood by kidneys and conducted to the urinary bladder by ureters. • Urinary sphincter: muscle located at base of bladder acting as a valve. • Voluntary emptying • When bladder stretches, sends signal to brain. • 200 mL: small signal sent • 400 mL: more stretch receptor activated • 600 mL: voluntary control is lost. • Sphincter relaxes, urine enters urethra, and is voided.

  4. General Kidney Structure • Cortex: outer layer • Medulla: inner layer • Renal pelvis: joins kidney to ureter.

  5. Nephrons • Nephron: slender tubules • About one million in each kidney • Renal artery  afferent arterioles  nephrons  efferent arterioles  peritubular capillaries (net of capillaries that wrap around kidney tubules. • Glomerulus: capillary bed from afferent arterioles. • Surrounded by funnel-like part of nephron: Bowman’s Capsule • In the cortex of the kidney.

  6. Bowman’s Capsule • Where fluids (from blood) to be processed into urine enter the kidney. • Capsule tapers into thin tubule: proximal tubule. • Proximal tubule  loop of Henle(descends into the medulla of the kidney)  distal tubule (last segment of nephron)  collecting ducts. • Collecting duct: collects urine from many nephrons merge in kidney pelvis.

  7. blood filtration tubular reabsorption and secretion General Functioning of the Kidney “refreshed” blood urine

  8. kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra Organs of the Urinary System

  9. glomerulus efferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule afferent arteriole proximal convoluted tubule artery distal convoluted tubule peritubular capillaries vein collecting duct loop of Henle

  10. Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons and thousands of collecting ducts renal cortex renal medulla DCT Glomerulus PCT Collecting duct Loop of Henle

  11. efferent arteriole afferent arteriole Bowman’s capsule glomerulus Glomerular Filtration Filters blood; proteins can’t pass through

  12. With help from your textbook, define the following terms: • Ureters • Urethra • Cortex • Medulla • Renal pelvis • Nephron • Afferent arterioles • Glomerulus • Efferent arterioles • Peritubular capillaries • Bowman’s capsule • Proximal tubule • Loop of Henle • Distal tubule • Collecting duct

  13. Summary

  14. Seatwork/Homework • Page 348, #1,2,3,4

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