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THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE. What was it?. WHAT WAS IT?. A German (and sometimes Italian) empire created in the tradition of Charlemagne’s Frankish empire and the Roman Empire
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THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE What was it?
WHAT WAS IT? • A German (and sometimes Italian) empire created in the tradition of Charlemagne’s Frankish empire and the Roman Empire • Not really Holy (conflicts with church), Roman (based mostly around Germans), or an Empire (did not have diverse group of citizens).
OTTO THE GREAT • Idolized Charlemagne • Formed close alliance between what would become the Holy Roman Empire and the Pope • Took over part of modern-day Italy • Crowned King in 936, crowned emperor in 962
HENRY IV of GERMANY • Famously involved in investiture controversy with Pope Gregory VII • Lost power for secular rulers everywhere
POPE GREGORY VII • Famously won power for church after humiliating Henry IV at the Showdown at Canossa (1077). • Issue is finally solved at Concordat of Worms (1122).
FREDERICK I • Known as “Barbarossa” • Angered the Pope and Italian merchants, losing significant power • Famous Crusader • Drowned in 1190