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Today’s Agenda: (1) Journal Questions : What did you have for breakfast today? Was it healthy? Explain your response

Today’s Agenda: (1) Journal Questions : What did you have for breakfast today? Was it healthy? Explain your response. *(2) Lecture : Digestion, Absorption, Excretion. ( Ending on slide 56 ) (3) Film: The Diet (Body Story) (4) Homework: Read Chapter 49. Digestion & Nutrition: .

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Today’s Agenda: (1) Journal Questions : What did you have for breakfast today? Was it healthy? Explain your response

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  1. Today’s Agenda: (1) Journal Questions: What did you have for breakfast today? Was it healthy? Explain your response. *(2) Lecture: Digestion, Absorption, Excretion. (Ending on slide 56) (3) Film: The Diet (Body Story) (4) Homework: Read Chapter 49. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  2. Digestion & Nutrition: 1. What is a calorie? A calorie is defined as a unit of energy supplied by food. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  3. Digestion & Nutrition 2. What is normal daily caloric intake? a. Teenage Girls, Active Women, Most Men: 2,000 Calories per day b. Teenage Boys, Active Men: 2,400 Calories per day By Dr. Rick Woodward

  4. Digestion & Nutrition By Dr. Rick Woodward

  5. Obesity Definition: A. Obesity is defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of greater than 30% with a body fat percentage of: (1) Greater than 28% for males. (2) Greater than 36% for females. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  6. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  7. Who’s Big? (NIH Study 2010) A. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States 2010 (1) Adults (20 years of age and up) a. 32.9% of U.S Adults are obese. (2) Children (Ages 2 – 19) a. 31.9% are overweight and obese. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  8. The Children of 2010 A. From 2006 - 2010, millions of teenagers and young adults joined the ranks of clinically obese. B. There is an increased incidence in type II diabetes in teens. C. Even our pets are overweight, 25% of dogs and cats are heavier than they should be. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  9. Fat Animals in the Wild By Dr. Rick Woodward

  10. The Children of 2010 D. Twenty years ago, 5% of American kids were overweight. E. Today 20% are overweight and another 15% are headed that way. F. In 1969, 80% of kids played sports everyday; today only 20% play sports everyday. G. By age 17, a child has spent 38% more time in front of the television or computer than in school. H. 80% of a teenager’s calories come from sodas. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  11. Fruit Juices vs. Soft Drinks A. Look at sugar content: (1) Which has the most grams of total sugar? By Dr. Rick Woodward

  12. Who’s Big? (CDC 2010) B. Obese children and adolescents are more likely to become obese as adults. (1) One study found that approximately 80% of the children who were overweight at ages 10 – 15 years of age were obese adults at age 25. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  13. Who exercises? A. The proportion of youth (18 years of age) who report engaging in no physical activity is high, and the proportion increases with age. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  14. Why is this happening? A. We eat too much high-calorie food and we do not burn it off with enough exercise. B. 3,500 calories = 1 pound of fat; It is very easy to gain 1 pound of fat in a week. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  15. Fat Cells A. The amount of fat cells you are born with will probably be the same number when you die. (Only the size of the cell increases or decreases depending on weight gain and weight loss) B. There are 3 times in life when you can increase the number of fat cells your body has: (1) The Toddler Years (2) Puberty (3) Third Trimester of Pregnancy By Dr. Rick Woodward

  16. First Law of Thermodynamics A. Calories In = Calories Out B. If the calories you take in are greater than the calories you expend (exercise) you will get fat. C. Excess calories are stored as fat. D. Average daily caloric intake varies: 2,000 – 2,500 calories per day. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  17. Role Models??? By Dr. Rick Woodward

  18. What did Sushi A say to Sushi B? By Dr. Rick Woodward

  19. Was up B? (Wasabi) By Dr. Rick Woodward

  20. Digestion, Absorption & Excretion By Rick Woodward By Dr. Rick Woodward

  21. Digestion Starts in the Mouth I. The Mouth 1. Secretion of saliva upon the sight or smell of food. A. Lubricates each morsel with mucus to make passage easier. -Saliva contains amylase, mucus, and lysozymes. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  22. The Mouth B. Contains amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch (carbohydrate chains). -Starch digestion begins in the mouth. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  23. The Mouth C. Lysozymes break into the cell walls of bacteria that are on or in your food. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  24. The Mouth D. The body manufactures 1-2 quarts of saliva a day. E. Saliva is mostly water and it is weakly alkaline (basic) with a pH of 7.4 By Dr. Rick Woodward

  25. The Mouth 2. Chewing creates smaller particles whose increased surface area allows digestive enzymes to access more surface area of swallowed food. (Mastication) By Dr. Rick Woodward

  26. The Mouth 3. The tongue assesses the amounts and types of food found in saliva. a. Tastes include: (1) Sweet (2) Salty (3) Sour (4) Bitter By Dr. Rick Woodward

  27. The Esophagus II. The esophagus is a tube through which your food travels to your stomach. A. Food is transported with a peristaltic (pumping) motion. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  28. The Esophagus B. An opening called the glottis is covered by a flap of tissue called the epiglottis. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  29. The Esophagus C. The epiglottis prevents choking by covering the trachea (wind pipe/breathing tube) when swallowing. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  30. The Esophagus D. The lower esophageal valve prevents backflow of the stomach’s contents from going back into the esophagus. (Heartburn/Acid Reflux) By Dr. Rick Woodward

  31. The Stomach III. The stomach secretes mucus, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, lipase, and an intrinsic factor which is necessary to activate and absorb Vitamin B-12. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  32. The Stomach A. Digesting protein using: 1. Stomach acid juices, like hydrochloric acid (HCl) pH = 2. a. Pepsin, an enzyme, works directly on large proteins. b. Protein digestion begins in the stomach. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  33. The Stomach B. The average capacity of the stomach is one liter. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  34. The Stomach C. Food stays in the stomach for about 2-3 hours. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  35. The Stomach D. Fatty meals or solid foods take longer to digest than liquids and low-fat meals. -Lipase, an enzyme, starts the digestion of certain fats. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  36. The Small Intestine IV. The Small Intestine (Duodenum): 95% of all digestion and nutrient absorption takes place here. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  37. The Small Intestine A. Food entering the small intestine from the stomach is strongly acidic. -Secretions from the pancreas alkalize the food coming in from the stomach. -Small Intestine has a pH = 8.3 By Dr. Rick Woodward

  38. The Small Intestine B. Can be up to 10 feet long (referred to as “small” because of its small diameter.) By Dr. Rick Woodward

  39. The Small Intestine C. Food may remain in it from 4-10 hours. D. Most nutrient absorption occurs within the small intestine. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  40. The Pancreas V. The Pancreas supplies the following enzymes to the duodenal are of the small intestine: (1) Trypsin, an enzyme, for protein digestion. (2) Amylase, an enzyme, for starch digestion. (3) Lipase, an enzyme, for fat digestion. (4) Bicarbonate, for acid neutralization. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  41. The Liver VI. The Liver supplies the duodenum withbile. A. Bile envelopes fat droplets in a fluid for intestinal absorption. B. Bile emulsifies fats. C. Up to one liter of bile is stored in the gall bladder. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  42. The Large Intestine VII. The large intestine can be up to six feet long. A. Can hold food for as long as three days. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  43. The Large Intestine B. Colonies of helpful bacteria are permanent residents. (1) They aid in the digestion of plant matter. (2) Bacteria produce vitamins: B12, Riboflavin, Thiamine, and Vitamin K. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  44. The Large Intestine C. Water is removed from food in the large intestine. (water absorption) (1) Some diseases that affect the large intestine can cause diarrhea. (2) Waste matter is packaged for removal. a. About ½ of waste is dead bacteria. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  45. Overview of Digestive System A. Something happens to your food through each part of the digestive tract. B. Nutrients become available and transported throughout your body via the circulatory system (blood). By Dr. Rick Woodward

  46. Excretory System A. Your excretory system works in a similar way to the equipment that purifies water. B. Your excretory organs are: (1) Kidneys (2) Lungs (3) Skin C. The organs help your body get rid of waste products. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  47. Excretory System D. The amount of water in blood is important to maintain: (1) Normal Blood Pressure (120/80) (2) Movement of Gases (3) Excretion of Solid Waste. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  48. Excretory System E. Filters out nitrogen wastes and helps maintain osmotic balance. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  49. Excretory System F. The main excretory organs are two kidneys; fist size, bean-shaped structures that lie near the dorsal abdominal wall. By Dr. Rick Woodward

  50. Excretory System G. Kidneys filter blood that has collected waste products from cells. -If waste products build up, they act as poisons to the body cells. (1) Each kidney is made up of about 1 million nephrons, the tiny filtering units of the kidney. By Dr. Rick Woodward

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