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CASA : NSF Center for C ollaborative A daptive S ensing of the A tmosphere

CASA : NSF Center for C ollaborative A daptive S ensing of the A tmosphere. Dr. José Colom-Ustáriz. Global Warming and Weather. One of the expected consequences of global warming is extreme weather events such as; Hurricane intensity Number of Tornadoes

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CASA : NSF Center for C ollaborative A daptive S ensing of the A tmosphere

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  1. CASA: NSF Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere Dr. José Colom-Ustáriz

  2. Global Warming and Weather • One of the expected consequences of global warming is extreme weather events such as; • Hurricane intensity • Number of Tornadoes • We therefore NEED, better detection, monitoring, prediction and modeling is needed.

  3. “There is insufficient knowledge about what is actually happening (or is likely to happen) at theEarth’s surface where people live.” [NRC 1998]

  4. Observation Limitations Single NEXRAD (TJUA) in PR Distance Cayey to Mayagüez: ~ 100km Site Elevation: 850 m Curvature Beam Elevation (Above Site): 600 m Total Beam Elevation (Above SL): 1.4 km NEXRAD Rainfall 1 Hour Total

  5. This System “underneath” NEXRAD Water spout at Mayaguez, PR- Sept 2005

  6. CASA: dense networks of low power radars 10,000 ft 3.05 km snow wind 3.05 km tornado earth surface 0 40 120 160 200 80 240 RANGE (km) • Year 5 of a 10 year program

  7. What’s needed to solve this problem? Remote sensing Microwave engineering Networking Distributed systems Numerical prediction Emergency management Radar meteorology Quantitative inversion Climate studies Social impact Antenna design expertise working together core partners

  8. We’re not going to do this alone! Industrial, government, and academic outreach partners

  9. ¿Qué tenemos en Puerto Rico ? • Dos Radares – PR1 y PR2 (EWR) • Proveen medidas de Reflectividad • Radares son single-pol & no son Doppler. • Datos se ha colectado durante tormentas de lluvia.

  10. EWR Radar MC&C distribuido Comunicaciones Inalámbricas QPE Algoritmo estimación de Reflectividad en Red Optimización Energía Balanceada PR1 (Stefani) Radar FCC permiso otorgado. Radar operacional falta reemplazomagnetron OTG localización se basa en Modelo de Vulnerabilidad a Desastres Puerto Rico IP3 Test Bed Off-the-Grid Radar 1er nodo bajo prueba en UMass

  11. What is a Radar?Radio detection and ranging • How does a radar work? • Games

  12. Compare to: Acoustic Echo-location hello

  13. Acoustic Echo-location hello

  14. Acoustic Echo-location hello distance

  15. Hi !! time Hi !! t = 2 x range / speed of sound Example:range= 150 m Speed of sound≈340 meters/second t= 2 X 150 / 340 ≈ 1 second

  16. RADAR Echolocation(RADAR ~ RAdio Detection And Ranging)“Microwave Echo-Location” Tx Rx Microwave Transmitter Receiver

  17. Target Range Tx Rx time t = 2 x range / speed of light measure t, then determine Range Example:t = .001 sec Speed of light = c = 3x108 meters/second Range = .001 x 3x108 / 2 = 150,000 m = 150 km

  18. We will see that Radars work by… • Transmitting microwave pulses…. • and measuring the … • Time delay (range) • Amplitude • Frequency • Polarization • … of the microwave echo in each range gate

  19. Target Radial Velocity Frequency ft Frequency ft+ fd

  20. Target Radial Velocity Frequency ft Frequency ft+ fd

  21. Zero Velocity for “Crossing Targets” Frequency ft Doppler Frequency Frequency ft+ fd

  22. QPE – Quantitative Precipitation Estimation 0.1 mm/hr 1 mm/hr 15 mm/hr 100 mm/hr >150 mm/hr

  23. Play the gamesto learn the basics • http://whyfiles.org • http://meted.ucar.edu/hurrican/strike/index.htm • http://meted.ucar.edu/hurrican/strike/ • http://meted.ucar.edu/hurrican/strike/info_3.htm# • http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hurricane/index.shtml • http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/edures.htm

  24. More Games for Kids 4-104 http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/reachout/kidspage.shtml

  25. References • The COMET project [http://www.comet.ucar.edu/] • NASA TRMM • NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) • NOAA Educational Page [http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/edu/ideas/radar.html] • Dave McLaughlin Basics of Radars presentation • NWS [http://www.crh.noaa.gov/fsd/soo/doppler/doppler.htm]

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