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The Aftermath of World War I

The Aftermath of World War I. Nationalism, Imperialism, and World War I. The Paris Peace Conference (1919). Believing that President Wilson’s offer would be the basis of the peace settlement, Germans agreed to end the war and overthrow the Kaiser.

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The Aftermath of World War I

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  1. The Aftermath of World War I Nationalism, Imperialism, and World War I

  2. The Paris Peace Conference (1919) • Believing that President Wilson’s offer would be the basis of the peace settlement, Germans agreed to end the war and overthrow the Kaiser. • Allied leaders Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George from Great Britain, and Georges Clemenceau from France met in Paris to negotiate peace. • The Treaty of Versailles (1919) concluded peace with Germany and turned out to be extremely harsh.

  3. The Paris Peace Conference • An independent Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia were created. • The former nation of Serbia was joined with parts of Austria-Hungary to create Yugoslavia. • German colonies were given to Britain and France as mandates—territories ruled like colonies but subject to the supervision of the League of Nations. • The Covenant of the League of Nations said its purpose was to promote disarmament and prevent war. • The League had no army. • It created a new Court of International Justice.

  4. Peace Terms Ending WWI • Germany’s Territorial Losses • A new independent Poland was created. • Germany lost territory to France and Poland, as well as all of its overseas colonies. • Austria-Hungary and Turkey • The Austro-Hungarian Empire was divided into several new national states. • Turkey lost its territories in the Middle East.

  5. Peace Terms Ending WWI • Punishing Germany • Germany lost its navy, while its army was reduced to a small police force. • Germany was forced to accept blame for starting the war in the War Guilt Clause and was required to pay huge reparations (payments for damages) to the Allies. • League of Nations • The Treaty created the League of Nations, an organization of nations pledged to defend each other against aggressors. • The League was severely weakened when several major powers, such as the US and Russia, failed to join it.

  6. WWI and the Middle East • WWI also led to the end of the Ottoman Empire. • The Sultan had joined the Central Powers during the war because Turkey opposed Russia.

  7. The Armenian Massacres • Armenian Christians lived in the Ottoman Empire and wanted an independent Armenian state. • The Ottoman government sought to disarm them because they were afraid they would be sympathetic the Christian Russia. • Armenian political leaders, educators, writers, and clergy were jailed and then hanged or shot. • Turkish soldiers gathered over 1 million Armenian men, women, and children and sent them on a death march through the Syrian desert. • They also used firing squads, burnings, drowning, poisons, and drugs against Armenian victims.

  8. The Armenian Massacres • After the war, the Allies took away Turkish possessions in Arabia, Syria, and Palestine. • Many Arab groups had been promised their independence after the war, but were made mandates. • Egypt and Arabia won their independence (1922-1924). • General Mustafa Kemal, known as the Ataturk, organized resistance to Allied attempts to dismember Turkey. • After 2 years of fights, Ataturk preserved Turkey in Asia Mino and abolished the Sultanate in 1923.

  9. Notebook Assignment • Choosing one of the following leaders of WWI, create a brief description of their background and role in the outbreak or conduct of WWI. • Archduke Franz Ferdinand • T.E. Lawrence • President Woodrow Wilson • David Lloyd George • Count Leopold Berchtold • Nicholas II of Russia • BethmannHollwegg • Georges Clememceau

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