In Pg. 26

1. In Pg. 26 • What did Watson and Crick figure out?

2. Do ti now pg. 26 Use the diagram to answer the following question.   Analyzing the input and output of solar radiation reveals that • Earth’s surface reflects more solar radiation than do the clouds. • Earth reflects 100% of the radiation it receives from the Sun. • more solar radiation is absorbed by Earth’s surface than is reflected. • the atmosphere and clouds absorb more solar radiation than the surface. (From http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/cascade.GIF)

3. Earth ScienceE.12.A.4 http://www.rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/E12A4.htm Use the diagram to answer the following question.   Analyzing the input and output of solar radiation reveals that • Earth’s surface reflects more solar radiation than do the clouds. • Earth reflects 100% of the radiation it receives from the Sun. • more solar radiation is absorbed by Earth’s surface than is reflected. • the atmosphere and clouds absorb more solar radiation than the surface. (From http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/cascade.GIF)

4. DNA – The molecule Structure & Function. Pg. 27 – Cornell notes

5. The Structure of DNA • DNA is polymer of 4 subunits called nucleotides. • Each Nucleotide is a molecule made up of three basic parts: Sugar, Base, and a phosphate. • There are 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine & Cytosine.

6. Purines Vs. Pyrimidines: • Purines include Thymine & Cytosine • Purines are Hexagon shapes • Pyrimidines include Adenine and Guanine. • Pyrimidines are Hexagons connected to pentagons. • Purines connect to Pyrimidines through bonds at the hydrogen and oxygen and hydrogen and nitrogen.

7. Bonds • Adenine Bonds to Thymine • Guanine Bonds to Cytosine

8. Where is the Sugar???? • Sugar is found on the outside of the molecule. • Sugars carbon bonds with the nitrogen of the purine and pyrimidine, toward the inside of the Molecule. • On the outside another carbon of sugar bonds with the oxygen attached to the phosphate group.

9. Where is the phosphate??? • Phosphate is located on the outside of the molecule. • Phosphates are found between the sugar molecules.

10. What is the shape of the molecule? • From the work of Franklin and Wilkins we know the molecule makes some kind of X Shape. • Watson and Crick figure out the DNA is a right hand spiral of a double helix structure. • Kind of like a latter twisted to the right. • Chargaff figured out there were an equal number of adenines was equal to the number of Thymine and the Number of Guanine was equal to the number of Cytosine.

11. Distance • Watson and Crick figured out the base pairs were on the inside and there were 10 base pairs per twist. • The distance between each rung of the Helix was 3.4 angstroms and there was a distance of 34 angstroms between the twists of the Helix. • The molecule also repeated its self after 10 rungs.

12. Replication • DNA is able to make an exact copy of its self by replication. • DNA polymerases help to unzip, put in matching base pairs and proofread all of the DNA bases to make sure all is going well before mitosis. • The molecule unzips and makes two exact copies of the original to carry information to the next cell.

13. RNA

14. RNA • Helps to decode the message sent out by DNA. • Is the Nucleic acid which acts as a messenger between DNA and Proteins. • This message is taken to the Ribosomes where proteins are made from amino acids.

15. Structure of RNA • Long chain of Macromolecules. • Also made of a sugar a base and a phosphate. • Sugars and phosphates form the backbone.

16. Differences in RNA and DNA • The sugar in RNA is Ribose. • RNA only has a single strand of nucleotides. • RNA can fold back on its self making loops – wait until tomorrow for the rest of the story. • RNA contains Uracil that attaches to Adenine. • RNA is a disposable copy of DNA

17. Transcription Synthesis • Transcription is the process by which a molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary strand of RNA. • mRNA is able to leave the nucleus, it is able to get the information out from the nucleus to the ribosomes since DNA can’t leave the nucleus.

18. RNA Polymerase • Enzymes end in (ase) • RNA Polymerase works on the polymers of RNA and DNA. • It attaches to specific areas on the RNA and DNA molecule. • It helps to make a template from the original DNA strand. • There are special signals in the DNA moleculewhich serve as start signals.

19. Do it now Pg. 26E.12.A.5 http://www.rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/E12A5.htm Surface currents are created • as the more dense surface water sinks and less dense deep water rises. • by frictional drag of the wind against the surface of the ocean waters. • as surface waters squeeze between narrow passages separating ocean basins. • when Earth’s magnetic field imparts a charge to the surface waters.

20. Earth ScienceE.12.A.5 http://www.rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/E12A5.htm Surface currents are created • as the more dense surface water sinks and less dense deep water rises. • by frictional drag of the wind against the surface of the ocean waters. • as surface waters squeeze between narrow passages separating ocean basins. • when Earth’s magnetic field imparts a charge to the surface waters.

21. Out Pg. 26 • What is the basic structure of the DNA molecule?