1 / 21

Corinne Hummel

Corinne Hummel. Computers for Educators ITC525 Summer II. DNA Structure and Replication. Chapter 7. Table of Contents. Standards DNA Basics History and Discovery DNA Structure Nucleotides DNA Labeling Modeling DNA DNA Replication Practice Credits. Standards.

joelle
Download Presentation

Corinne Hummel

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Corinne Hummel Computers for Educators ITC525 Summer II

  2. DNA Structure and Replication Chapter 7

  3. Table of Contents • Standards • DNA Basics • History and Discovery • DNA Structure • Nucleotides • DNA Labeling • Modeling DNA • DNA Replication • Practice • Credits

  4. Standards • 3.1.10.B1: Describe how genetic information is inherited and expressed. • 3.1.10.B3: Describe the basic structure of DNA and its function in genetic inheritance. Describe the role of DNA in protein synthesis as it relates to gene expression. • 3.1.10.B5: Use models to demonstrate patterns in biomacromolecules. Compare and contrast Mendelian and non-Medalian patterns of inheritance.

  5. DNA Basics • Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) • DNA is the blueprint of instructions for life • An example of a nucleic acid (remember the 4 organic compounds we studied earlier in the year?) • What is its function?

  6. History and Discovery • A number of scientists played a role in determining the structure of the DNA molecule. • Read pages 158-161 in your text and complete the chart summarizing the contributions of the following scientists: • Frederick Griffith • Rosalind Franklin • Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey • Edwin Chargaff • James Watson and Francis Crick

  7. DNA Structure • DNA is a double helix that resembles a twisted ladder or spiral staircase • Made of two strands running parallel to each other with “rungs” connecting the two parallel strands

  8. DNA Structure – a closer look • Monomer (building blocks) of DNA: nucleotides • Nucleotides have three parts: • Phosphate group • Five-carbon sugar • Nitrogenous base http://faculty.uca.edu/~benw/biol1400/pictures/nucleotide.jpg

  9. The only difference between nucleotides is the base they contain • Four Bases: • Adenine (A) • Thymine (T) • Guanine (G) • Cytosine (C) • Therefore, there are four different nucleotides

  10. Amount of C = G and T = A • This led to the discovery of Base Pairs… • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) • Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) • Therefore, a strand of DNA can be represented by a series of letters. • For example: ATTACATGGCTA TAATGTACCGAT

  11. Nucleotides Link to form DNA • Nucleotides are held together by strong covalent bonds to form a strand • Two strands are held together by (weak) hydrogen bonds between the bases

  12. DNA Labeling • Label the DNA picture seen below*: (*you received a copy of this with your notes)

  13. Follow this Link • Follow the link below to complete a DNA activity • Read the introductory information on DNA, and then scroll down to the picture • Print and color the DNA molecule (save the RNA picture for later) • Record your answers to the questions • DNA Activity

  14. Modeling DNA • Create a model of DNA using paper cut-outs. • First, create 12 nucleotides • Assemble 6 of your nucleotides into a chain 3. Build a complement strand by matching the correct bases* (*be sure to pair the bases with their complement)

  15. Your DNA Building Blocks • These are the building blocks you will use to make your DNA model.

  16. DNA Replication • Why does DNA need to replicate? • Mitosis (for new cells) • Meiosis ( reproduction) • When does replication occur? • S (synthesis) phase of cell cycle

  17. Steps of DNA Replication • 1. DNA unzips – helicase enzyme “unzips” original DNA molecule by breaking hydrogen bonds between bases • 2. DNA is read – DNA polymerase reads original strands of DNA • 3. Bases pair up – free nucleotides in the cell find their complementary bases (DNA polymerase) • 4. Sugar Backbone bonds – phosphate of one nucleotide bind to the sugar of the next (DNA polymerase) ** Let’s look at figure 7.6 in our textbook (page162)**

  18. How do the new DNA molecules compare to the parent DNA? ** Notice that the two strands are identical to one another.**

  19. Replication in Action • Let’s watch some helpful animations to help you visualize this dynamic process… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfZ8o9D1tus&feature=related • Replication Animation 2 • Now let’s Build a DNA molecule

  20. Let’s Practice • Make a complementary strand for the following strands of DNA using what you know about base pairs. AACGGCTACAGCATAC TTCACAGGGTCTAACC

  21. Sources • http://biologycorner.com/worksheets/DNAcoloring.html • www.pde.edu • www.youtube.com • http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/dna-rna2.swf • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/

More Related