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Les verbes

Les verbes. (Verbs). What is the definition of “verb”?.

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Les verbes

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  1. Les verbes (Verbs)

  2. What is the definition of “verb”? Verb: (noun) a word that characteristically is the grammatical center of a predicate and expresses an act, occurrence, or mode of being, that in various languages is inflected for agreement with the subject, for tense, for voice, or for mood. Simply: It’s an action word!  Can you think of some verbs in English?

  3. Les Verbes Verbs in the French language have to parts: • It has a root (also called a stem) • An ending, which is either “-er”, “-ir”, or “-re”

  4. Understanding the two parts • STEM: this part of the verb contains the action word, for example: run, walk, talk, swim • ENDING: the ending is what we call an “inflectional suffix”- basically, this is the part of the verb that is changed when we conjugate (we’ll talk about this in a moment)

  5. Divide these verbs into the two parts Avertir Bénir Choisir Courir Finir Réussir Punir Aimer Aller Chanter Danser Marcher Nager Parler Attendre Défendre Descendre Entendre Perdre Répondre Vendre

  6. Part One: The Stems(The meaning of the verb) Aim- like/love All- go Chant- sing Dans- dance March- walk Nag- swim Parl- speak Attend- wait Défend- defend Descend- descend Entend- hear Perd- lose Répond- respond Vend- sell Avert- warn Bén- bless Chois- chose Cour- run Fin- finish Réuss- suceed Pun- punish

  7. Part Two: The Endings There are only 3 types of endings for French verbs: -er / -ir / -re All 3 of these mean “to” in English Therefore: Aller- TO go Avertir- TO warn Attendre- TO wait

  8. Conjugating verbs Since we now know the parts of a verb, we need to know how verbs are used in relation to subject pronouns. What are “subject pronouns” ? What are they in English?

  9. Les PronomsSujets(Subject Pronouns): Subject Pronouns are words which replace the name of a person/place/thing. In English…

  10. Les PronomsSujets en français

  11. How to read this chart: First person: Thesesubjectpronounsincludeyourself- you are #1! Second person: The ‘you’ subjectpronouns. Thirdperson: Think of thesepronouns as ‘everyoneelse’: Ex. This middle line separates the singular and plural subjectpronouns. If you are referring to one person- look to the left, if more than one- look to the right

  12. …So what does it mean to conjugate? When we conjugate verbs, we are changing the ending of the verb to reflect the subject pronoun that one is talking about. *Remember: the French verb endings are er/ir/re and they all mean “to” English Examples: “I speak” but it is “he speaks”

  13. Conjugasion en français French has specific endings for each subject pronoun, depending on the endings of the verbs. These require memorization!

  14. “-er” Verb Endings(Present Tense) Example French verb: Parler (to speak)

  15. “-ir” Verb Endings(Present Tense) Example French verb: Réussir (to suceed)

  16. “-re” Verb Endings(Present Tense) Example French verb: Attendre (to wait)

  17. Proper Pronunciation Here is a little trick to help you remember which verb endings are pronounced when speaking: If it fits in the heel, then you don’t pronounce the ending!

  18. Madame Burse’s Heel:

  19. Les verbes au Présent: The endings you have just learned are for verbs in the present tense, meaning that the subject pronoun is currently doing the action. So… “Je parle” can mean: • I speak • I am speaking Just like… “Nous parlons” means: • We speak • We are speaking

  20. Therefore: In French we do not need to add an extra word such as “am” or “is” or “are” like we need in English because the French conjugation has those words implied in the conjugation. “Elle parle” covers both “She speaks” AND “She is speaking”

  21. Spelling Changes Some French verbs require spelling changes for the nous (we) subject pronoun in order to keep pronunciation correct. Verbs that end in these endings need additional letters added to the conjugations: -cer -ger -yer*

  22. For verbs ending in –cer: You must add a cedille- ç – in order to keep the soft c sound: Example: Prononcer (to pronounce)

  23. For verbs ending in –ger: You must add a mute e between the g and the o in order to keep a soft g sound: Example: Manger (to eat)

  24. Verbs ending in –yer : The y changes to an I before the mute e. For this change, you do it to the ‘heel’ conjugations, not nous and vous. Example: Nettoyer (to clean)

  25. PRATICE: • Divide these verbs into their two parts. Color coding or using “ / ” is fine. • Conjugate these verbs for all subject pronouns in the present tense. (You can work in your table group to do this but each person needs them all!) • Create 5 original sentences using 5 different verbs.

  26. 1. Divide these verbs into the two parts2. Conjugate all of them for the present tense3. Pick 5 of them and create 5 sentences using our vocabulary words. Avertir Bénir Choisir Courir Finir Réussir Punir Aimer Aller Chanter Danser Marcher Nager Parler Attendre Défendre Descendre Entendre Perdre Répondre Vendre

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