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Natural resources: conservation and income

Natural resources: conservation and income. African Economic Development Renata Serra – March 27 th 2007. Colonial conservation. African nature is pristine and fragile Human activities threaten nature Ex. of pastoralists Regulation and delimitation of resource use

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Natural resources: conservation and income

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  1. Natural resources: conservation and income African Economic Development Renata Serra – March 27th 2007

  2. Colonial conservation • African nature is pristine and fragile • Human activities threaten nature • Ex. of pastoralists • Regulation and delimitation of resource use • “state parks” as the solution • However, the strategy was self-defeating: • Conservation was at risk (illegal poaching) • Entire communities were forcefully relocated • Existing people-resource arrangements destroyed

  3. Community management • If benefits accrue to communities, conservation may be ensured • Twin goals of income-generation and conservation • Democratic participation and decentralization • What types of income-generating activities can be sustained? Are they feasible? • What share of responsibilities between communities, state agencies, and NGOs? • In particular, what property rights?

  4. Examples • Conservation-based tourism • Turner’s reading on Kruger NP • NRM • Campfire in Zimbabwe • Sale of non-timber forest produce • The Amani Butterfly project (T Brown’s talk: see http://www.amanibutterflyproject.org/index.htm)

  5. The issues in Kruger NP • The “legacy of dispossession” • The Makuleke are very poor, were relocated, and are now distant from their ancestral land • Unequal bargaining power • Income-generating activities • Is tourism here a lucrative activity? How are the profits distributed? • Undefined land rights • Conflicts within the community

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