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Oxidation and Reduction ( Redox )

Oxidation and Reduction ( Redox ). Oxidation and Reduction (Redox). Electrons are transferred. Spontaneous redox rxns can transfer energy Electrons (electricity) Heat. Non-spontaneous redox rxns can be made to happen with electricity. Oxidation and Reduction.

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Oxidation and Reduction ( Redox )

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  1. Oxidation and Reduction(Redox)

  2. Oxidation and Reduction (Redox) • Electrons are transferred • Spontaneous redox rxns can transfer energy • Electrons (electricity) • Heat • Non-spontaneous redox rxns can be made to happen with electricity

  3. Oxidation and Reduction An old memory device for oxidation and reduction goes like this… LEO says GER LoseElectrons = Oxidation GainElectrons = Reduction

  4. Oxidation Reduction Reactions(Redox) Each sodium atom loses one electron: Each chlorine atom gains one electron:

  5. LEO says GER : Lose Electrons = Oxidation Sodium is oxidized Gain Electrons = Reduction Chlorine is reduced

  6. Rules for Assigning Oxidation NumbersRules 1 & 2 • The oxidation number of any uncombined element is zero 2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals its charge

  7. Rules for Assigning Oxidation NumbersRules 3 & 4 3.The oxidation number of oxygen in compounds is -2 4. The oxidation number of hydrogen in compounds is +1

  8. Rules for Assigning Oxidation Number Rule 5 5. The sum of the oxidation numbers in the formula of a compound is 0 2(+1) + (-2) = 0 H O (+2) + 2(-2) + 2(+1) = 0 Ca O H

  9. Rules for Assigning Oxidation NumbersRule 6 6. The sum of the oxidation numbers in the formula of a polyatomic ion is equal to its charge X + 4(-2) = -2 S O X + 3(-2) = -1 N O  X = +5  X = +6

  10. Rules for Assigning Oxidation NumbersRules 7 & 8 7. The oxidation number of group IA elements in compounds is +1. 8. The oxidation number of group IIA elements in compounds is +2

  11. Reducing Agents and Oxidizing Agents • The substance reduced is the oxidizingagent • The substance oxidized is the reducingagent Sodium is oxidized – it is the reducing agent Chlorine is reduced – it is the oxidizing agent

  12. Trends in Oxidation and Reduction • Active metals: • Lose electrons easily • Are easily oxidized • Are strong reducing agents • Active nonmetals: • Gain electrons easily • Are easily reduced • Are strong oxidizing agents

  13. Not All Reactions are Redox Reactions Reactions in which there has been no change in oxidation number are not redox rxns. Examples:

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