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Archaic Age of Greece

Archaic Age of Greece. Rise of the πολις /city-state Colonial Expansion around Mediterranean Governmental upheavals Rise of Tyrants Common religious pursuits. Main City-States of Greece. Athens Sparta Corinth Thebes Megara Aegean island states (e.g. Samos, Chios, Lesbos)

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Archaic Age of Greece

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  1. Archaic Age of Greece Rise of the πολις /city-state Colonial Expansion around Mediterranean Governmental upheavals Rise of Tyrants Common religious pursuits

  2. Main City-States of Greece • Athens • Sparta • Corinth • Thebes • Megara • Aegean island states (e.g. Samos, Chios, Lesbos) • Asia Minor city states (esp. Miletus)

  3. Early Polis • Includes dependent rural territory • Centered around defensible citadel (acropolis) • Rudimentary political authority/institutions • Agrarian, classed society with strong family units • Extreme local particularism (e.g. hero-worship)

  4. Unifying all Hellenes • Religious festivals Panionian Festival Oracle & Shrine of Delphi League of Amphictyones Festival of Zeus at Olympia & Games Pythian Games Nemean Games Isthmian Games • Language • Homer

  5. Battle of Lapiths & Centaurs (Civilization vs. Barbarians) Pediment of temple to Zeus at Olympia

  6. 800-500 BC • Economic Development-extended colonies • Polis-political evolutions and class friction (e.g., story of Pisistratus and factionalism in Athens) • Literature- Hesiod & Lyric often at variance with Homeric values • Rise of Hoplite-based military tactics

  7. Polis systems- early • Monarchy- Basileus • Aristocracy- Aristoi e.g. Athens & Corinth- abuses of aristocracy led to tyrants

  8. Colonies • Rise of industry & wealth led to class extremes (hereditary dominance of aristocrats & debt slavery of poor) • Growth of cities led to demands for food & raw materials • Process – metropolis sends out founding group • E.g. settlements in Italy and France to west north to Chalcidice on the Black Sea south to Naucratis in Egypt

  9. Tyrannies • Athens- Peisistratus & sons • Megara- Theagenes • Miletus- Thrasybulus • Sicyon-Cleisthenes • Corinth-Cypselus & Periander & Psammetichus

  10. Policies of Tyrants • Construction programs • Glorification of city-state • Colonization continued • Patronage of poets & artists • Organization of cities

  11. Benefits of Tyrannies • Increased state power by lessening power of leading families • Pursued ambitious foreign policies • Hoplite fighting added to power of state by encouraging cooperation in ranks • Put state money to work in glorification of cities

  12. Only Sparta never had a Tyrant • Lycurgus, the original lawgiver • Dorian invaders • Helots & Messenians revolting • Military State evolved Gerousia

  13. Phalanx Formation A solid wall of shields and spears, the hoplites stood shoulder to shoulder.

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