A Gender Based Study for E-Learning in Pakistan

1. A Gender Based Study for E-Learning in Pakistan Athar Majeed London, United Kingdom Amajeed@Tkgen.co.uk

2. Introduction and Background • Pakistan is embryonic multiethnic and multilingual country • E-learning is not a new phenomenon in Pakistan • There are number of e-learning based institutions • Since 1947, the state government and policy makers have recognised the importance of education • Implemented many education plans • But these efforts have not always yielded any gains

3. Purpose and Objectives • This comparative study measured the degree to which a number of problems affects e-learning in terms of male and female • Identified a number of gender based problems associated with e-learning • To measure and analyse the degree these factors affect gender • From the results make a number of recommendations for improving e-learning and, how these gender differences can be overcome

4. Literature Review • Definition Ambiguity • This study has utilised the definition put forward from HEFCE ‘e-learning is any learning experience supported by information and communication technologies’ • E-learning Problems • Infrastructure (Siddiqui, 2007) • Physical Resources (Mahmood, 2005) • Held Believe (Latif, 2009) • Motivation (Hackett, 1985) • Self-Efficacy (Ong and Lai, 2006) 4

5. Methodology and Epistemological Framework

6. Survey Population • This study compared and contrasted an equal number of male and female school leavers in five cities • This is evident that cultural and heritage value do and have played a significant role in gender

7. To e-learn or not to e-learn Considered e-learning Resources available for e-learning This reflected a rather encouraging position with regards to e-learning development and narrowing the gender gap in ICT This reflects a rather discouraging picture

8. Key Findings

9. Motivational Problems 9

10. Recommendations • Awareness rising towards female students • Women rights in pursing an education • Overall improvement of infrastructure • Government support • Changes in school educational syllabus • Teacher training • Enhance motivation • Encourage school and family support

11. Conclusion • The results have confirmed great scope for e-learning development • Positive attitude towards e-learning regardless of their gender • It is evident that female students tend to be more disadvantaged than male students

12. Further Research

13. Questions & Answers