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Scenario-based e-Learning

Scenario-based e-Learning. Application of templates and models for SE e-learning. Todorka Glushkova, todorka.glushkova@gmail.com 6-th WorkShop SEERE, Ravda’06. Best Practice Guide for content developers, Carnegie Mellon University. Structure of the e-content;

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Scenario-based e-Learning

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  1. Scenario-based e-Learning Application of templates and models for SE e-learning Todorka Glushkova, todorka.glushkova@gmail.com 6-th WorkShop SEERE, Ravda’06

  2. Best Practice Guide for content developers, Carnegie Mellon University • Structure of the e-content; • Planning and standardization in the e-Lesson development process: - structure of development team; - identification of materials; - sharing and storage of SCOs into Content Repositories; • Determination of SCOs. • Structure and creation of tests. • Sequencing and navigation; • Templates and models.

  3. The main goals • To look at the main 10 templates of the Best Practice guide • To parameterize them and create a series of different templates according to didactic aims (Goals &Tasks Model); • To create a series of models for the structure of e-learning packages.

  4. Template 1“Single SCO, single asset” • This is the main structure. RootAggregation (RA) contains one SCO and one asset. • Using: The template can be used as a part of different models. • Content structure diagram: • Rules:

  5. Template 2“ SCO with assets” • The template 2 can be used in the creation of learning resources with a single structure, containing some Assets – pictures, graphics, music… and a final test. The LMS doesn’t use the results from the test but the system stores them for future analysis. • We can parameterize the template by the following parameters: - number_of_assets –type Integer,default value is 4 and number_of_asset=number of questions in the test -1. - Has_test – type Boolean, default value=“Yes”.

  6. If we use default values of the parameters: Pattern_2(4,yes). We mark thatPattern_1=Pattern_2(1,no)

  7. Template 3“The Black Box” • The template 3 includes one SCO with a set of links. In the LMS this structure is called “The Black Box” • We can use this template to present new knowledge when the learner must to achieve a perfect test score. • This template presents a typical CBT lesson. • We can transform every CBT-lesson to SCORM-based using this template. • The actions from “The Black Box” are not Sequenced and they don’t describe the rules and are not managed by the LMS.We can parameterize the template in a similar way as Template_2. By using of default values: Pattern_3(4, yes).

  8. Template 4“Multiple SCOs with Assets” • The template 4 includes two SCOs in the RA that are instances from Template 2. • We can parameterize this template as: - Number_of_SCOs -(default value is 2); - (SCO_num, Pattern_num).For example (1, 2(3, yes)) means that the first SCO is an instance of Pattern_2(3,yes).

  9. Template 5“Remediating Using Objectives” • This template allows a learner to get additional information from informational SCOs when he makes a mistake on a SCO-test. The LMS manages this process with the Objective mechanism. • We can parameterize this template: - Number_of_SCOs – (default value is3); - Has_test –(default value “Yes”). When Has_test=“yes”, the Questions= (Number_of_SCOs – 1)= number of Objective variables. - (OBJ_n, min_value_n), (n< Number_of_SCOs). - (SCO-n, pattern_num ), n< Number_of_SCOsand pattern_num<5. Default value (SCO1,pattern_2(1,no)); (SCO2,pattern_2(3,no)); - Set (SCO_Number_of_SCOs(Asset_k); OBJ_k), к<Number_of_SCOs. - Read (SCO_k, OBJ_k)

  10. Template 6“Pre- and Post-Test Sequencing” • This template allows us to use a pre-test and a post-test. According to the answers of students from the pre-test, OBJs are passed or failed. If the student passes the pre-test he can pass to post-test; if he makes a mistake he must see the informational SCOs. LMS doesn’t manage results from the post-test. • We can parameterized this template: - Number_of_SCOs. - Has_pre_test-default value is “yes”. - Has_post_test-default value - “yes”. - (OBJ_n, min_value_n), (n<= Number_of_SCOs). - (SCO-n, pattern_num ), 1<n<= Number_of_SCOs+1 and pattern_num<=5. [(SCO-2,pattern_2(0,no)); (SCO-3,pattern_2(0,no))]; - Set (SCO-1(Asset-k); OBJ-k) Default values: Set(SCO-1(Asset-1), OBJ-1), Set(SCO-1(Asset-2), OBJ-2) - Read (SCO-k+1, OBJ-k)Default values: Read(SCO-2,OBJ-1), Read(SCO-3,OBJ-2).

  11. Example: Topic “Introduction to SE” • Number_of_SCOs=9; • Has_pre_test=”yes”; • Has_post_test=”yes”; • (OBJ-n,1); • (SCO-n,pattern_2(0,no)), 2<n<10; • Set(SCO-1(Asset-k); OBJ-k), 1<k<9; • Read(SCO-k+1, OBJ-k), 1<k<9;

  12. Template 7 “Pre- andPost-Test Sequencing – 2” • The informational SCOs are grouped in a separateAggregation. The learner must give answers to the test-Items from the pre-test. If he makes a mistake he must see the respective informational SCOs from the Aggregation. Finally, he must make a post-test. The LMS manages the results from pre- and post-tests by OBJs. • The parameterization of the template is similar to Temlate 6.

  13. Example 2:For the same topic, if we group informational SCOs (from SCO3 to SCO11) in Aggr-B:

  14. Template 8 “Remediating Using Objectives – 2” • The template 8 allows the LMS to control the access of the learner to the final test. He can’t pass to it if he hasn’t completed the learning process in Aggr 1. The LMS manages the results from the tests by OBJs.

  15. The parameterization of the template: • Number_of_SCOs . • Has_test- if the value is “No”, the Pattern_8 is similar of Pattern_2 (Asset->SCOs; SCOs->Aggeregations). -Att_Limit –max number of attempts in the final test. -(OBJ_n, min_value_n), (n<= Number_of_SCOs). - (SCO-n, pattern_num), n<= Number_of_SCOs. Default values (SCO-1,pattern_2(1,no)); (SCO-2,pattern_2(3,no)); - Set (SCO-last(Asset-k); OBJ-k), к<=Number_of_SCOs, last=(Number_of_SCOs+1). Default values: Set(SCO-3(Asset-1),OBJ-1), Set(SCO-3(Asset-2), OBJ-2). - Read (SCO-k), OBJ_k), к<=Number_of_SCOs. • Example 3: The topic “Management of the software quality” : - Number_of_SCOs=4; - Has_test=”yes”; - Att_limit=3; - (OBJ-1,0.7);(OBJ-2,0.7);(OBJ-3,0.7);(OBJ-4,0.7) - (SCO-1, pattern_2(0,no)); (SCO-2,pattern_2(3,no)); (SCO-3, pattern_2(0,no)); (SCO-4,pattern2(0,no)). - Set (SCO-5(Asset-k), OBJ-k)за k=1,2,3,4. - Read(SCO-k, OBJ-k)за k=1,2,3,4.

  16. Template 9“Basic Three-Way Branching” • We can use the intra-SCO rules that are similar of the traditional CBT lessons. According to the choice of the learner, OBJ set a value from [ -1;1] and the LMSbranches out the learning process according to this value. We could make a parameterization of the template according to the number of choices.

  17. Template 10“Pre- and Post-Test Sequencing with New Content for Remediation” • We can use this template in the final stage of the learning process for control of the student’s knowledge. According to the behavior of the learner and the result from the pre-test, he can pass directly to the final test or see additional information and take the final test again. • The parameterization: - Num_SCOs_A - Num_SCOs_B, OBJs=(Num_SCOs_A+Num_SCOs_B)=n - (OBJ_n, min_value_n), n=(Num_SCOs_A+Num_SCOs_B). -(SCO-k, pattern_num), k<=n -Set (SCO-A; OBJ-p),p<=Num_SCOs_A. -Set (SCO-C; OBJ-p),Num_SCOs_A<p<=Num_SCOs_B. - Read (SCO-k, OBJ_k)

  18. The models • We could make different combinations from templates and structure various learning resources as e-lessons, e- courses, e-packages. • By parameterization of the templates and the models we can generate various different e-learning resources according to the educational aims and tasks of the authors of e-content. • The Best practices Guide for Content Developers proposes some basic models.

  19. Model“Remediation Multiple Aggregation”

  20. Model“Mastery Testing Multiple Aggregations”

  21. Model“Pre-Post-Testing Sequencing with Aggregations”

  22. Model“Traditional CBT-Branching with Multiple Decisions”

  23. Conclusions • The parameterization of the basic templates from the Best Practice Guide allows us to create different variants of e-learning resources; • The change of the abstract level in the templates and models allows for generation of different levels of e-content: lessons, modules, courses, packages. • Communication between authors and the system for determination of the values of parameters allows the system to generate dynamically the concrete model of e-content.

  24. The plans and future work • To develop a model for interactions between educational aims and the set of templates and models. (When the author defines the aims of the teaching, the system will suggest the most suitable templates and models for creation of e-content-PA). • To develop a XML-based language for describing of the patterns, models an learning scenarios. Thank you for your attention.

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