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Tsunami 101

Dr. Michael Moore presents:. Tsunami 101. What is a tsunami?. A tsunami (pronounced tsoo-nah-mee ) is a series of waves caused by a sudden huge vertical displacement of water.

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Tsunami 101

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  1. Dr. Michael Moore presents: Tsunami 101

  2. What is a tsunami? • A tsunami (pronounced tsoo-nah-mee) is a series of waves caused by a sudden huge vertical displacement of water. • Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, explosions, and even the impact of cosmic bodies, such as meteorites, can generate tsunamis. • Tsunamis can savagely attack coastlines, causing devastating property damage and loss of life.

  3. Origin of the word – “tsunami” • Tsunami is a Japanese word with the English translation, "harbor wave." • Represented by two characters, the top character, "tsu," means harbor, while the bottom character, "nami," means "wave."

  4. Origin Time and Epicenter Sunday, 26 Dec 2004, at 00:58:50 UTC The epicenter was at 3.298°N, 95.779°E Its focal depth was shallow (about 33 km http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Tsunami2004Indonesia.html

  5. Countries Affected by the 2004 Indian Earthquake/Tsumani Southeast Asia and beyond • Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, the Maldives, Somalia, Myanmar, Malaysia • Many other countries, especially Australia and those in Europe, had large numbers of citizens traveling in the region on holiday.

  6. Tectonic Plates of Earth

  7. Types of earthquake faults http://www.iris.edu/gifs/animations/faults.htm

  8. Movements of Tectonic Plates

  9. The Ring of Fire

  10. For millions of years the India tectonic plate has drifted and moved in a north/northeast direction, colliding with the Eurasian tectonic plate and forming the Himalayan mountains. As a result of such migration and collision with both the Eurasian and the Australian tectonic plates, the Indian plate's eastern boundary is a diffuse zone of seismicity and deformation, characterized by extensive faulting and numerous earthquakes. http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Tsunami2004Indonesia.html

  11. Current Earthquakes as of 1/27/05 TodayYesterdayPast 2 weeksPast 5 years http://www.iris.edu/seismon/

  12. 24-Hour Seismic Data PlotInuvik, NWT in Western Canada http://www.pgc.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/browse_daily_plots

  13. Aftershocks - magnitude at least 3.0

  14. A Snapshot of the Dec 26, 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake • The earthquake (magnitude of 9.0) generated a tsunami that was among the deadliest disasters in modern history. • Estimated energy equal to 23,000 atomic bombs!!! (according to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) • In 1964, there was a Good Friday Earthquake off Alaska. (9.2 magnitude) • Tied for fourth largest earthquake since 1900.

  15. Current Earthquakes as of 1/27/05 TodayYesterdayPast 2 weeksPast 5 years http://www.iris.edu/seismon/

  16. A megathrust fault

  17. Vertical Displacement of Water

  18. A water ripple from the origin

  19. Waves vs Tsunami Tidal Waves = 12 hours between waves, caused by gravity from the moon and the sun Wind waves10 seconds between wavesWavelength = 150 meterswaves move in circular motion Tsunami1 hour between wavesmoves 500-1000 km per hour then suddenly slows down to 10 km/hr with a moving wall of water 10 to 30 meters high near land! http://www.ess.washington.edu/tsunami/images/tsulg.jpg

  20. Changes in tsunami wave shape as it approaches land. http://www.ew.govt.nz/enviroinfo/hazards/naturalhazards/coastal/tsunami.htm

  21. Tsumani Waves http://www.prh.noaa.gov/itic/library/pubs/great_waves/tsunami_great_waves_4.html

  22. an Animation of a Tsunami http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoanimations/animations/86_Tsunami.html

  23. Dr. Snyder’s Tsunamifor his Physics Classgoing on now!!!!

  24. TSUNAMI of December 26, 2004TSUNAMI of November 28, 2004TSUNAMI of November 21, 2004TSUNAMI of November 11, 2004TSUNAMI of September 5, 2004TSUNAMI of September 5, 2004TSUNAMI of November 17, 2003TSUNAMI of September 25, 2003TSUNAMI of January 22, 2003TSUNAMI of January 20, 2003TSUNAMI of October 10, 2002TSUNAMI of September 13, 2002TSUNAMI of September 8, 2002 TSUNAMI of January 2, 2002TSUNAMI of June 23, 2001TSUNAMI of November 26, 1999TSUNAMI of July 17, 1998TSUNAMI of May 3, 1998TSUNAMI of December 5, 1997TSUNAMI of April 21, 1997TSUNAMI of December 2, 1996TSUNAMI of November 12, 1996TSUNAMI of September 5, 1996TSUNAMI of September 4, 1996TSUNAMIS of June 10, 1996 Most Recent TSUNAMIS

  25. 2004 Sumatra Earthquake/Tsunami http://staff.aist.go.jp/kenji.satake/animation.gif

  26. First wave of tsunami hitting the Maldives http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wave.jpg

  27. Amateur Asian Tsunami Video Footage http://www.asiantsunamivideos.com/

  28. 2004 Indonesia Tsunami Complete.gif http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:2004_Indonesia_Tsunami_Complete.gif

  29. Amateur Videos of the Tsunami http://www.asiantsunamivideos.com/ ttp://www.waxy.org/archive/2004/12/28/amateur_.shtml

  30. BCC News – Animation of a tsunami • http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/4136289.stm • PBS Animations • http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/animations/tsunami/main.html

  31. Propagation of Tsunami Waves • Island of Sumatra 15 minutes 15 meter high waves • Sri Lanka/India 1 1/2 hours 15 meter high waves • Thailand 2 hours 15 meter high waves • Somalia 7 hours ? • South Africa 16 hours 1.5 meter high waves • Mexico >16 hours 2.6 meter high waves • South America >16 hours 0.2 - 0.4 meter waves

  32. Kalutara Beach, Sri Lanka (before tsumani)

  33. Receding waters, Kalutara Beach, Sri Lanka

  34. “Before” photo of Gleebruk Villagehttp://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/13.html

  35. “After” photo of Gleebruk Villagehttp://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/13.html

  36. “Before” photo of Banda Aceh, Indonesiahttp://serc.carleton.edu/images/NAGTWorkshops/visualization/collections/bandaaceh.jpg

  37. “After” photo of Banda Aceh, Indonesiahttp://serc.carleton.edu/images/NAGTWorkshops/visualization/collections/bandaaceh.jpg

  38. “Before” photo of Meulaboh, Indonesiahttp://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/20.html

  39. “After” photo of Meulaboh, Indonesiahttp://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/20.html

  40. Vegetation stripped away from mountain side at Lhoknga.http://cwis.usc.edu/dept/tsunamis/2005/tsunamis/041226_indianOcean/sumatra/sumatra.html

  41. More Amateur movies of the tsumani http://www.westhamptonbeach.k12.ny.us/teachers/cohen/sciweb/earthscience/tsunami.htm

  42. Pacific Tsunami Warning Centers http://www.prh.noaa.gov/itic/library/pubs/great_waves/tsunami_great_waves_8.html

  43. www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s560.htmtsunami-buoy-deploy2.jpg

  44. Hope you learned something about TSUNAMIS!

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