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Civil Rights

Explore the key events and figures that shaped the civil rights movement, from WWII and the Little Rock Nine to the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington. Learn about the fight for equality and the dismantling of segregation in America.

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Civil Rights

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  1. Civil Rights • The political, social, and economic rights of a citizen.

  2. WWIIand Civil Rights • Better access to good jobs helped set the stage for the civil rights movement

  3. Little Rock Nine • Integrated Central High School • Elizabeth Eckford- girl that went on her own • Marked the 1st time a sitting president sent federal troops into the south to enforce the Constitution since Reconstruction.

  4. The Supreme Court ruling allowing “separate but equal” facilities Plessy vs. Ferguson

  5. 80% of southern whites opposed the decision. Many Southern politicians disobeyed the ruling. Brown v. Board of Education

  6. NAACP • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. • focused on working through the court system. • Initiated a series of court cases that chipped away at the “separate but equal” doctrine.

  7. Lawyer for NAACP 1st black Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall

  8. Governor of Arkansas during Little Rock Nine integration Orval Faubus

  9. arrest led to a call for a boycott of the Montgomery bus system successful in keeping most blacks off the buses Rosa Parks

  10. Resulted in the emergence of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. as the leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association. Bus Boycott

  11. Rolling Churches • Station wagons used to give protesters rides during the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

  12. First leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association Ordained Baptist minister adopted many of his philosophies & teachings for the civil rights movement from Gandhi MLK, Jr.

  13. Civil Rights demonstrators in the 1950’s utilized • boycotts • non-violent sit-ins • passive resistance

  14. Boycott • Not buying or using a product or dealing with a certain company in order to exert economic pressure for change.

  15. Sit-ins • Nonviolent protests against restaurants and lunch counters who refused to serve black customers.

  16. Chose Lyndon B. Johnson as his running mate because Johnson was a Southern Senator capable of holding the white vote from the south. Along with RFK, helped Martin Luther King after he was arrested for violating his probation. John F. Kennedy

  17. Freedom Riders • The purpose in 1961 was to test the Supreme Court decision that ruled that all bus stations and terminals serving interstate travelers should be integrated.

  18. Integrated the Univ. of Mississippi with the help of federal troops James Meredith

  19. Eugene “Bull” Connor • Police Chief who used fire hoses, dogs, and cattle prods to disperse a crowd marching in Birmingham, Alabama

  20. After watching television coverage of the brutal tactics used against protestors by the Birmingham police, even opponents of the civil rights movement were appalled by the police violence.

  21. Provided for the end of literacy tests and other barriers to voting. Voting Rights Act of 1965

  22. Participants hoped to convince Congress to pass civil rights legislation. Location of Dr. Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech. 1963 March on Washington

  23. “black power” • Impatient with the slow progress of the civil rights movement. • African American movement that worked for the economic, political, and social goals of blacks, without the help of whites.

  24. Outspoken member of the Nation of Islam who advocated black separatism Malcolm X

  25. Stokely Carmichael • He became the militant leader of the SNCC

  26. The Watts Riots • Took place in Los Angeles, California

  27. Black Power Black nationalism Community development The Black Panthers

  28. Emmet Till • From the Chicago visiting South • Killed by two white men • Not Guilty verdict by an all-white jury

  29. Forbid segregated theaters. Forbid segregated restaurants. Forbid segregated hotels & motels Banned discrimination in the selling or renting of a home. The Civil Rights Act of 1964

  30. George Wallace • Governor who stood in the doorway at the University of Alabama

  31. De jure segregation • Segregation that is imposed by law.

  32. de facto segregation • By custom, not by law. • Example- concentration of urban African Americans in slum areas

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