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Why did Jesus have to die on a cross?

Explore the political and theological reasons behind Jesus' crucifixion, including classic theories of atonement. Discover the significance of the crucifixion, resurrection, and how we participate through baptism and communion in building a new community.

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Why did Jesus have to die on a cross?

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  1. Why did Jesus have to die on a cross?

  2. Political Reasons

  3. The Jewish Charge • “Turning the people astray” (Deut. 13) • Counter-Temple actions • Revolutionary potential, evoking wrath of Rome

  4. The Roman Charge • Sedition against Rome? Jesus was not guilty and both the Jewish leaders and Pilate knew it. • Pilate put power, peace, and self-interest before justice • “King of the Jews” is meant as a mockery

  5. Theological Reasons

  6. Classic Theories of Atonement • Ransom Theory - Jesus’ death as a ransom paid to Satan. Satan tricked by resurrection • Satisfaction Theory - Jesus’ death appeases God via ritual sacrifice • Moral Influence Theory - Jesus’ death as an metaphorical example of sacrifice

  7. Classic Theories of Atonement • Penal Substitution Theory - God’s mercy replaces God’s wrath after the sacrifice of Jesus • Christus Victor Theory - Jesus willingly goes to the cross to take human sin and evil upon himself

  8. “For I handed on to you as of first importance what I in turn had received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the scriptures, and that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the scriptures.” 1 Corinthians 15:3-4

  9. New Earth Eden New Covenant (Jesus) Davidic Covenant Mosaic Covenant Abrahamic Covenant Noahic Covenant

  10. The Messiah’s Mission • Establish the true return from exile • The defeat of evil • The return of YHWH to Zion (Temple)

  11. The Temple ActionMark 11:15-18 • Proclaims God’s judgment on the Temple • Suspension of the sacrificial system • New Temple, new covenant

  12. The SupperMark 14:22-25 • Passover - the new exodus, the end of exile • Forgiveness of sins • An action, not a theory • A new ritual for a new Temple, a new creation

  13. The Crucifixion • Jesus as Israel’s representative and God’s representative • The Cross - an icon of evil and empire • Jesus - the Suffering Servant who rescues his people from evil (Is. 53) • The New Temple - sacrifice completed once for all

  14. The Resurrection • The vindication of Jesus • The defeat of death • The new creation • A new community

  15. How we participate:Baptism • Dying and being raised with Christ • Forgiveness of sins • Identity as people of the new creation • Adoption into stream of salvation history • No division between Jews and Gentiles

  16. How we participate:Holy Communion • Re-membrance, Re-embodiment • Exodus from exile of sin and death • Kingdom meal, new creation

  17. “I have been crucified with Christ; and it is no longer I who live, but it is Christ who lives in me. And the life I now live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me.” Galatians 2:19-20

  18. “The call of the gospel is for the church to implement the victory of God in the world through suffering love. The cross is not just an example to be followed; it is an achievement to be worked out, put into practice.”N.T. Wright

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