Terrific Thursday, Oct. 1, 2015

1. Terrific Thursday, Oct. 1, 2015 Warm-Up – Don’t forget the date What do you see as the main impact of the Industrial Revolution in the US based off the video? 3-5 complete Sentences • Agenda: • Warm-Up / Flocabulary • FN: The Triumph of Industry • Home Fun: • FN: The Rise of Big Business

2. 3-1: The Triumph of Industry Standard 11.2 Students analyze the relationship among the rise of Industrialization, large scale rural-to- urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. EQ: What factors led to the industrialization of America, and what impact did industrialization have on society?

3. Industrialization - Why it matters: • Industrializationrapidly transformed the U.S. into one of the most powerful nations in the world and dramatically altered how Americans lived.

4. Natural Resources • US had plenty of: • Lumber – Trees, renewable resource • Fossil Fuels • Coal & Oil– Ancient plant matter compressed under layers of rock for millions of years, not renewable • Iron – 6th most commonly found element on Earth

5. Natural Resources There were three things you could do in most coal mining areas: “you can coal mine, moonshine, or move it on down the line.” Oil Piers in Santa Barbara County, most are gone now.

6. Invention and Innovation • Bessemer Steel, mass-produced • Raised temperatures of molten iron by shooting air through it, removing impurities • Hot, dangerous work • Huge demand for high quality Anthracite coal • Built skyscrapers and bridges

7. Flatiron Building, NY 1902

8. Brooklyn Bridge, 1870 – 1883 Estimates range from 20 to over 30 killed during construction. Hundreds injured from falls, the bends, and other accidents

9. Invention and Innovation • Light Bulb (Thomas Edison) • cheaper, safer lighting night work available now • Rival to Edison, AdolpheChailet, produced a bulb in 1901 that has burned continuously • Don’t get named Adolph • Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell) • instant communication across the nation and the world • Morse Code - beeps

11. Impact of Industrialization • Rise in Standard of Living • Cities grow up & out • More efficient production • Improvements in transportation and communication • Mass consumerism

12. Fill in as much as you can in the chart below Leave room in your notes to do this chart in class, but do not do as a part of HF.

13. Industrial Leaders • Captains of Industry orRobber Barons? • some argue that the actions of the wealthy businessmen make them visionary heroes who made America great • others argue that they were greedy men who paid immigrants little to work dangerous jobs while amassing wealth and destroying the environment

14. Fancy

15. Hearst Castle

16. How the Other Half Lives – Jacob Riis, 1890 Swedish immigrant, Joseph Riis, spent his career taking photographs of the consequences of industrialized and urbanized America during the Gilded Age, In 1890 he published them in his book How the Other Half Lives. Upper and middle class Americans got to see what life was like for the urban poor.

17. How the Other Half Lives – Jacob Riis, 1890

18. 20 Richest American of All Time

19. START NOTES The Rise of Big Business EQ: What impact did the rise of Big Businesses have on American Industrialization and way of life?

20. John D. Rockefeller, 1839 - 1937 • founded Standard Oil in 1870 • he became the first billionaire and is arguably the richest man in modern history • his estimated wealth would be $318 billion today • he gave $550 million in charity to universities and medical groups

21. Standard Oil, 1870 • the company controlled most of the world’s oil supply • it owned railroads, refineries, and gas stations • In 1911, the US Supreme Court ordered it to split up into 34 separate companies • Horizontal Consolidation • Rockefeller forced rivals out of business by keeping his prices too low for them to compete and then bought them out

22. Standard Oil

23. Andrew Carnegie, 1835 – 1919 • Scottish immigrant to the US in 1848 • he made $1.20 for a 72-hour work week at age 13 • he made his fortune in steel and then spent the last 20 years of his life giving his fortune away • he did NOT believe in giving money to people instead he built museums and schools

24. Andrew Carnegie Skibo Castle

25. Carnegie Steel • Carnegie sold his company to JP Morgan for $350 million • Morgan turned US Steel into the first billion-dollar corporation in America • Vertical Integration • Carnegie owned every step of the steel-making process from mining to smelting to shipping In this slide we see Andrew Carnegie (center, with the while beard) surrounded by a group of business leaders. (2.2E)

26. Trusts/Monopolies/Cartels • companies that controlled an entire industry • often a company owned a whole series of other companies • this stopped competition which hurt prices and quality of the goods

27. We “collude” to set prices and stop additional competition. Trusts • Ms. Wynn owns a shoe business – she wants to charge a set, high price and stop competition. • Mrs. Greeley owns a shoe business – he wants to charge a set, high price and stop competition. • Mr. Hutch owns a shoe business – he wants to charge a set, high price and stop competition H.G.W. & Company

28. Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 1890 • government’s first attempt to regulate bad monopolies • monopolies that tried to artificially keep prices high • it was not well enforced and couldn’t do too much to big business

30. Criticism and Defense of Big Business • Social Darwinism • the rich are rich because they work hard and are smart and talented • the poor are lazy and stupid • Social Gospel • rich people should NOT give money directly to the poor instead they should carefully manage their charity for the greatest good…libraries, schools, hospitals • Laissez-faire • the government should not regulate business because it makes businesses less efficient

31. STOP GOOD JOB!

32. Social Darwinism Social Gospel Religious Movement The purpose of wealth is not to hoard it Share it with less fortunate people Don’t give money directly to poor Create libraries, schools, etc. for the greater good Survival of the fittest It’s your money, you keep it The rich are rich because they work hard, are smart and talented The poor are lazy and stupid • Relate to human relations • Stems from industrialization • Struggle between those with and those without • Believe gov’t has a role to play • Caused social stresses • Still exist

33. Moral Issues Discussion • If a Walmart employee gets trampled on Black Friday, is Walmart responsible? Why/why not? • Should companies be responsible for the pollution they create? • If a car maker knowingly makes a bad car, should the government punish him? Why/why not? • Health Insurance is tied to employment in the US. Meaning, you have to have a good, full-time job to get health benefits. This means that a McDonald's worker most likely doesn't have insurance. If he gets cancer, he doesn't have coverage and will probably die. Is this okay? Why/why not? • Is it OK for the US to invade other countries in the name of spreading Democracy? Why/why not? • Improved health care has increased the life expectancy of Americans. More specifically, poor Americans. This is proven through the fact that wealthy peoples' life expectancy has increased by 2 years in the last 100 years, while poor peoples' life expectancy has increased by 30 years. What do you think about this? Why? • Do you think the government should set a minimum wage? Why/why not? How about maximum hours-per-week? Minimum age to work? Why/why not? • If a business repeatedly heats coffee to over the safe limit so it stays hot longer, and is warned that it is hot enough to burn off skin, but doesn’t do anything about it, are they responsible when it does burn off a woman’s skin? • If a child becomes obese because his family fed him fast food every day, whose fault is it? Why?

34. Workers Organize EQ: What factors led to the industrialization of America, and what impact did industrialization have on society?

35. Workers Endure Hardships • Women and Children • Long days • Low pay • Dangerous working conditions • No health benefits, vacation or security

37. Labor Unions and the Impact of Industrialization • unions allow workers to negotiate with their bosses as a group • this is called collective bargaining • shorter work hours, safer working conditions, workman’s compensation • unions collect dues to raise money for their causes • the National Labor Union was the first large nation-wide labor union, it collapsed during the depression of 1873

38. Labor Unions and the Impact of Industrialism • Skilled Worker • workers that possess some expertise, training, or education that make them hard or impossible to replace • masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, and bakers • Unskilled Worker • workers that possess no specific training and are therefore easily replaced • miner, factory assembly

39. Labor Unions and the Impact of Industrialism • Knights of Labor, 1869 • secretive union that allowed any worker (skilled or unskilled) to join • except liquor dealers, gamblers, and lawyers • membership rose to over 700,000 • pushed for an end to child labor, progressive income tax, and equal pay for women

41. The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire – 1911

42. Labor Unions and the Impact of Industrialism • American Federation of Labor, 1886 • led by Samuel Gompers, this union was made of a whole bunch of skilled unions • the AFL is the largest union organization in the US today • more successful in negotiations because it’s members were harder to replace • anti-immigrant, especially anti-Chinese

43. Strike Terminology (don’t write) • work-to-rule • workers perform their tasks exactly as they are required to but no better • sickout • the strikers call in sick • sit-down strike • workers may occupy the workplace, but refuse either to do their jobs or to leave • general strike • Strike that involve all workers, or a number of large and important groups of workers, in a particular community or region • sympathy strike • one group of workers refuses to cross a picket line established by another as a means of supporting the striking workers.

44. Strikers at a textile mill in Lawrence, Massachusetts, being held back by federal troops. (2.2H)

45. Haymarket Square Riot, 1886 • a rally for union workers in Chicago turned into a riot when a bomb went off • Killed 7 seven police and many civilians • 8 anarchists were arrested for murder • anti-immigrant, anti-labor prejudice hurt unions

46. Pullman Strike, 1893 • Amid a depression, the Pullman Palace Car Company cut pay by 28% • the American Railway Union called for a boycott • 125,000+ workers went on strike in Chicago • they toppled trains to shut down the nation’s railroads • 12,000 troops broke up the strike because they interfered with the US Mail

47. Pullman Strike, 1893

48. A labor movement grows Fill in the chart below Labor Unions Organize Workers Suffer Strikes break out

49. Fill in the chart below Knights of Labor Sweatshops Long Hours Labor Unions Organize Workers Suffer AFL Dangerous work A labor movement grows Strikes break out Pullman Strike Haymarket Riot

50. Flamin’ Hot Cheetos Snickers – reg.