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Propaganda Techniques

A summary of the ways individuals and organisations attempt to manipulate public opinion Based on ideas from Standler (2005) and liberally sprinkled with pictures pulled of the internet with gay abandon. Propaganda Techniques.

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Propaganda Techniques

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  1. A summary of the ways individuals and organisations attempt to manipulate public opinion Based on ideas from Standler (2005) and liberally sprinkled with pictures pulled of the internet with gay abandon Propaganda Techniques

  2. As this example shows, both linguistic and visual techniques can be used to denigrate an opponent. Name Calling

  3. While general insults can be effective, it is particularly effective to using labels that carry particular stigma. Examples are “extremist”, “radical”, “liberal”, “communist”. Pejorative Labels

  4. This refers to a technique where positive concepts are asserted in a vague and general way about the side for which the writer is trying to gain support. Typical examples include: good, Christian, decent folk, common Americans hero, brave, courageous honesty, honour, justice, liberty Glittering Generality

  5. Transfer refers here to the attempt to transfer the authority or prestige of one thing onto another. The most common symbol used in this way is perhaps the flag. Transfer: the symbol

  6. Victims can be effectively used to transfer natural human empathy for the victim to a cause that (s)he is identified with. Transfer: the victim

  7. Certain groups or institutions carry authority. Associating a scientific or academic group with a cause can add validity in the eyes of many. Transfer: the institution

  8. A similar technique is to transfer the prestige of an individual to a cause. One example of this is how both atheists and Christians have attempted to enlist Einstein's support. Transfer: the authority

  9. An attempt to identify with common people, thereby establishing a feeling of solidarity Just Plain folks

  10. Presenting information selectively in order to omit facts that are not desirable Cherry Picking

  11. Belonging to a community is a powerful human moral motivator. Us and Them: Community

  12. Encouraging people to side with the majority preys on our fear of exclusion Us and Them: the Bandwagon

  13. More fundamentally, the whole concept of “us and them” is underlined by the fallacious assumption of a binary choice. Us and Them: The False Dichotomy “Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists.” George W. Bush, 20/11/2001

  14. Emotive manipulation is a mainstay of propaganda: appealing to patriotic pride and evoking fear are both very common The Fear Factor

  15. References Standler, Ronald B. (2005) Propaganda and How to Recognize it. http://www.rbs0.com/propaganda.pdf

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