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The Microbial World: Marine Microorganisms and their Significance

Explore the diverse world of marine microorganisms, including bacteria, cyanobacteria, archaea, unicellular algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates, protozoans, and fungi. Discover their roles as primary producers, decomposers, and symbiotic partners in the marine ecosystem.

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The Microbial World: Marine Microorganisms and their Significance

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  1. Chapter 5: • The Microbial World

  2. Marine microorganisms are important primary producers!

  3. Microorganisms • representatives from all 3 biological domains • Archaea • Prokaryotes • Eukaryotes

  4. Prokaryotic Microorganisms • smallest and simplest of all organisms • has both cell wall and membrane • lacks membrane bound organelles • circular shaped DNA • BACTERIA

  5. BACTERIA • Come in many shapes and sizes • harmful and beneficial roles • some are autotrophs • photosynthetic bacteria produce sulfur instead of carbon dioxide • chemosynthetic bacteria get energy from H2, NH3, H2S, etc... • most are decomposers (heterotrophs) • ensure the recycling of essential nutrients

  6. Cyanobacteria • (used to be called blue green algae) • contain phycocyanin and phycoerythrin • most carry out nitrogen fixation: converting nitrogen gas into usable nitrogen compounds • cyanobacteria that live in algae are called endophytes

  7. Cyanobacteria

  8. Archaea • called “extremophiles” • now thought to be more closely related to eukaryotes than prokaryotes • are heterotrophic and autotrophic • methanogens produce methane

  9. Read Symbiotic Bacteria on page 94 (4th Editions) of your text and answer the following questions: 1. What is a symbiotic relationship? 2. What is a parasite? 3. Describe a symbiotic relationship humans have with bacteria 4. How do bacteria related to bioluminescence? 5. Describe a symbiotic bacterial relationship in the deep sea

  10. Unicellular Algae • diverse eukaryotic organisms • unlike plants, algae lack true stems, leaves and roots • used to be referred to as plants, but algae have animal like characteristics • now algae are grouped into a separate kingdom: Protista • seaweeds are multicellular protists

  11. Diatoms • unicellular • have silicia cell walls • regulate their buoyancy with oil in the cells and spines • efficient primary producers • mostly planktonic • sexual and asexual reproduction • diatom cells get smaller during blooms

  12. Dinoflagellates • unicellular • have two flagella that direct movement • cell wall armored with cellulose plates • many can photosynthesize and ingest food particles • some have photoreceptors • almost all marine

  13. Dinoflagellates • Reproduce by cell division • Red Tide

  14. Dinoflagellates • Bioluminescence!

  15. Zooxanthellae • brown photosynthetic dinoflagellates that live in an animal host • in reef building corals they produce the organic matter used in the formation of the coral skeleton

  16. Silicoflagellates • star shaped internal silica skeleton • single flagellum

  17. Protozoans • the most animal like of the Protists • very diverse group of unicellular eukaryotes • forminiferans: have a calcium carbonate shell • radiolarians: delicate silica shells

  18. Fungi • eukaryotic, some unicellular • heterotrophs: mostly decomposers • contribute to the recycling of nutrients in mangrove forests

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