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4. Data Interpretation

4. Data Interpretation. Drawing Conclusions. Instructions. Look at the results from the following five investigations and draw conclusions.

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4. Data Interpretation

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  1. 4. Data Interpretation Drawing Conclusions

  2. Instructions • Look at the results from the following five investigations and draw conclusions. • Comment on whether or not the result is significant and the strength of the effect. You will need to use critical value tables to do this. Use the 5% significance level throughout. • If measures of central tendency and dispersion are quoted, comment on them and also any anomalous results.

  3. Chi-Square • Piaget Conservation Experiment • Hypothesis: -Seven year olds will be more likely to be able to conserve volume than five year olds. • See the next slide for contingency table of raw data. • After calculation X2 = 8.64, df = 1, p < 5%

  4. Number able to conserve Number unable to conserve Row total (RT) 5 year olds 8 1 12 2 20 7 year olds 17 3 3 4 20 Column Totals (CT) 25 15 Grand Total (GT) = 40 Chi-Square (Continued)

  5. Males Females Scores on questionnaires 16 14 16 11 12 16 4 12 6 15 9 20 9 12 14 5 16 13 16 12 11.8 13 Mean 4.54 3.86 Standard Deviation Mann Whitney U Test • Hypothesis: - Males will score higher on an aggression questionnaire than females. • After Calculation U = 47, N1 = 10, N2 = 10

  6. Top Half of Face 10 Bottom Half of Face Number of faces identified correctly 10 8 11 4 4 11 11 11 11 10 10 11 11 8 8 9 11 11 5 11 8.36 8.54 Mean 2.27 2.65 Standard Deviation Wilcoxon Test • Hypothesis: - Participants will be more likely to identify a celebrity from the top half of their face rather than the bottom. • After Calculation W = 17.5, N = 10.

  7. Participant No: Attitude before film Attitude after film Direction of Influence 1 For Against - 2 For Against - 3 For Against - 4 Against Against No change 5 For Against - 6 For Against - 7 For Against - 8 For Against - 9 For Against - 10 Against For + Sign Test • A study was conducted to discover if students changed their attitude towards the death penalty after watching ‘The Green Mile’. •  Experimental Hypothesis: - Watching the film ‘The Green Mile’ will influence student’s attitudes to the death penalty. (non-directional – two-tailed) • After calculation S = 1, N = 9 (no change omitted)

  8. Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Co-efficient • Murstein’s Matching Hypothesis of Interpersonal Attraction. • Hypothesis: - There will be a positive correlation between attractiveness ratings given to brides and grooms • After Calculation rs = 0.689, N = 10.

  9. Calculating Statistics • A variety of statistics calculators are available free online, or can be downloaded free from the web. Here are just a few; if you search using an online search engine, we are sure you’ll find more! • http://www.brightstat.com/ • http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/index.cfm • http://statpages.org/ • http://statpages.org/javasta2.html#Freebies • http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats/

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