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EOCT Prep • 1. In 1850 there was a large snowshoe rabbit population in Manitoba, Canada. Over the years, the winter coloration (the color of the rabbit's fur) of the surviving rabbit population changed. The graph shows the change in winter coloration of rabbits between 1850 to 2000. Based on the data, we could hypothesize that: • A) the winters are longer in length. • B) the snowshoe rabbit has migrated to another area. • C) there is less snow on the ground during the winter. • D) more snowshoe rabbit predators have moved into Manitoba.
ANSWER • C) there is less snow on the ground during the winter.
EOCT Prep 2. In some freshwater organisms there is a structure called a contractile vacuole that regulates water movement into and out of the cell. What explains the existence of the CV? • A)The CV prevents the organism from drying out. • B) The CV assists the organism in capturing prey. • C) The CV helps the organism move through the water. • D) The CV helps the organism maintain osmotic pressure.
ANSWER • D) The CV helps the organism maintain osmotic pressure.
EOCT Prep 3. James was sick, went to the doctor, and was diagnosed with a bacterial throat infection. His infection was treated with antibiotics. In a few days, James felt much better, but some resistant bacteria survived and, overnight, James was sick again. This time, he had to take a much stronger antibiotic.The resistant bacterial cells illustrate what characteristic of life? • A) All living things respond to stimuli. • B) All living things maintain homeostasis. • C) All living things adapt to changes in their environment. • D) All living things contain genetic material and reproduce.
ANSWER • C) All living things adapt to changes in their environment.
EOCT Prep 4. Strawberry plants typically reproduce by making runners, which are miniature versions of themselves, that grow off of the roots and stems of the parent. This type of vegetative reproduction is known as • A) budding. • B) pollination. • C) fragmentation. • D) binary fission.
ANSWER • A) budding.
EOCT Prep 5. In a(n) ___________ecosystem, the numbers pyramid would be distorted. • A) desert • B) forest • C) marsh • D) ocean
ANSWER • B) forest • Explanation: A forest ecosystem contains fewer producers than consumers because, primarily, a tree has a lot of energy and biomass in a single organism. This would mean that the numbers pyramid would be distorted because usually we see many more numbers of producers than consumers at each succeeding trophic level.
EOCT Prep 6. In which of the following ecosystems would this organism MOST LIKELY live? • A) desert • B) marine • C) dry grassland • D) freshwater wetland
ANSWER • B) marine
EOCT Prep 7. All of the following biotechnological advances are possible EXCEPT one. That is the • A) reproductive cloning of humans. • B) production of transgenic animals. • C) use of gene therapy to treat diseases. • D) production of disease-resistant agricultural crops.
ANSWER • A) reproductive cloning of humans.
EOCT Prep 8.This image shows four different finches Charles Darwin found while on the Galapagos Islands. Which of these would be most adapted to eating small insects found in tiny holes of trees? • A)Geopiza fortis • B)Geopiza parvula • C)Certhidea olivacea • D)Geospiza magnirostris
ANSWER • C)Certhidea olivacea
EOCT Prep 9. Which of these would be considered a learned behavior for dogs? • A) sleeping when tired • B) barking when hungry • C) shivering when cold • D) sitting when commanded
ANSWER • D) sitting when commanded
EOCT Prep • R = red flowersr = white flowers 10. According to Mendel’s law of dominance, we would expect _________ percent of the offspring to have white flowers. • A) 0 • B) 25 • C) 50 • D) 75
ANSWER • B) 25
EOCT Prep 11. What type of biomolecule will be produced at the end of the process shown in the illustration? • A) a fat • B) a sugar • C) a lipid • D) a protein
ANSWER • D) a protein
EOCT Prep 12. All of the statements about the nitrogen cycle are true EXCEPT one. That is • A) lightning adds extra nitrogen molecules to the atmosphere and the cycle. • B) adding man-made fertilizers to farm fields adds excess nitrogen to the cycle. • C) bacteria located in the soil trap excess nitrogen and help to remove it from plant roots. • D) although nitrogen is the most abundant atmospheric gas, plants cannot use it from the air.
ANSWER • C) bacteria located in the soil trap excess nitrogen and help to remove it from plant roots.
EOCT Prep 13. In a eukaryotic cell, DNA is found in • A) a vacuole. • B) a nucleus. • C) a cytoplasm. • D) an endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWER • B) a nucleus.
EOCT Prep 14. Facilitated diffusion and ________________ are alike since neither requires energy. • A) endocytosis • B) phagocytosis • C) active transport • D) simple diffusion
ANSWER • D) simple diffusion
EOCT Prep 15. Which example illustrates commensalism and NOT mutualism? • A) Hippo dung is eaten by a large species of catfish native to African lakes. The catfish typically follow the hippo herds. • B) Cattle have protozoa living in their gut that digest cellulose. The cows are able to feed on grass, while the protozoa are sheltered inside the cow. • C) Oxpeckers remove parasitic fly larvae from the skin of buffalo. In exchange, they are protected from predatory cats, who will not challenge a buffalo. • D) Ants 'farm' aphid insects like cattle. Aphids suck the sap out of trees, which ants also feed on. In turn, the ants sting predators that attack the aphids.
ANSWER • A) Hippo dung is eaten by a large species of catfish native to African lakes. The catfish typically follow the hippo herds. • (This is commensalism. Hippos don't receive any benefit from the catfish, but are not harmed either.)
EOCT Prep 16. An increase in pesticide use has resulted in a decrease in the local blue jay population. What is the BEST explanation for the decreased blue jay population? • A) Blue jay food supply increased. • B) Blue jay food supply decreased. • C) Many blue jays moved into the area. • D) Infection with the pesticide destroyed most of the blue jay population.
ANSWER • B) Blue jay food supply decreased. • (With less insects, there is less food for the birds.)
EOCT Prep 17. A single strand of DNA contains the following nine nucleotides in this order: ACT TAT GGA. What sequence of bases will be present on the complementary strand of DNA? • A) UGA AUA CCT • B) ACT TAT GGA • C) ACU UAU GGA • D) TGA ATA CCT
ANSWER • D) TGA ATA CCT
EOCT Prep 18. Scientists find a particle only visible with an electron microscope and is the shape of a soccer ball. The particle is non-cellular but has a DNA core. The core is enclosed in a protein coat and the coat has spike-like projections all over its surface. This must be a(n) • A) archebacteria. • B) eubacteria. • C) protist. • D) virus.
ANSWER • D) virus.
EOCT Prep 19. Humans and bacteria live in a close relationship with one another. For example, the bacteria that dwell in the human large intestine helps to complete the digestive process. The organism gains nutrients and protection in our intestine. • The relationship between humans and their digestive bacteria can be described as • A) commensalism. • B) competition. • C) mutualism. • D) predation.
ANSWER • C) mutualism.
EOCT Prep 20. Which of these groups includes organisms that are MOST closely related? • A) class • B) family • C) genus • D) species
ANSWER • D) species
EOCT Prep 21. Which piece of information would be useful to someone studying evolution, but also to someone trying to identify and classify an unknown organism that they think is new to science? • A) A general biology book. • B) A phylogenetic tree diagram. • C) A copy of Darwin's book, 'On the Origin of Species'. • D) A chart, showing the complete DNA sequence of the new organism.
ANSWER • B) A phylogenetic tree diagram.
EOCT Prep 22. Which of the following groups of organisms are found in oceans and use stinging cells called cnidocytes to capture prey? • A) cartilagenous fish • B) coral • C) mollusks • D) segmented worms
ANSWER • B) coral The phylum Cnidaria includes a diverse group of about 10,000 living species. The phylum includes many brightly colored and beautiful animals: jellyfish, sea anemones, sea fans, corals and hydras.
EOCT Prep 23. Scientists typically transgenically alter ________ to produce more desirable species. • A) bacteria • B) humans • C) livestock • D) plants
ANSWER • D) plants • (An example would be producing sweet, white corn from yellow, starchy cow corn.)
EOCT Prep 24. The products of cellular respiration include • A) energy and oxygen. • B) glucose and oxygen. • C) carbon dioxide and water. • D) glucose and carbon dioxide.
ANSWER • C) carbon dioxide and water.
EOCT Prep 25. Cloning is huge advancement in the medical and genetic arena, but there is also much debate surrounding the practice. There are several concerns tied to this debate. Which of the following statements is a concern about cloning? • A) Cloning might produce greater understanding of the causes of miscarriages; this might lead to a treatment to prevent spontaneous abortions. • B) Risk of abuse of the technology. There are powerful leaders in every generation who will seek to abuse this technology for their own purposes. • C) Treatment for damage ot the brain or nervous system might be possible due to cloning since damaged nerve tissue in adults does not regenerate on its own. • D) Cancer researchers believe that through cloning a method may be found to stop the division of a human ovum then a technique for terminating the growth of a cancer might be found.
