HIGHER CONCLUSION QUESTIONS

1. HIGHER CONCLUSION QUESTIONS • Today we will… • Identify how to answer conclusion questions at Higher level

2. Success Criteria • Using sources I can make conclusions based on evidence relating to specific prompts given in the question. • I can demonstrate how to answer a conclusion question.

3. Conclusions In this type of question you have to interpret and evaluate up to three complex sources in order to reach CONCLUSIONS. You must show evidence which explains the conclusions reached. Questions are worth 8 marks. Look at the specimen question: • What conclusions can be drawn about social exclusion in Scotland? • You must draw conclusions about: • the links between social exclusion and health • the links between social exclusion and local authority area • You must give an overall conclusion on social exclusion in Scotland.

4. Conclusions • You must reach conclusions about each bullet point • Then you need to find evidence which supports each conclusion. • TASK • Read the sources to help you come to a conclusion about the first bullet point. • In pairs highlight information which backs up your conclusion. • Do the same for the second bullet point.

5. Writing your Answer • You can get up to 3 marks per bullet point for appropriate use of evidence depending on the quality of the explanation and the synthesis of the evidence to reach any one conclusion. • For full marks you must refer to all sources in your answer (throughout your whole answer that is). • For full marks you must reach conclusions about each of the bullet points given AND make an overall conclusion on the issue. • It’s good to use phrases such as Source A links with Source B and is backed up by Source C – you must include information from each of the sources and link them.

6. How to write your answer Links between social exclusion and health My conclusion is that health is worse in areas with higher levels of social exclusion. (Start off your answer with a solid conclusion. You would then provide evidence from the sources to back up your conclusion) Source A states that there is a link between social exclusion and health as well as a link with other factors such as unemployment and poor housing. This means that people living in poorer areas are less likely to access health services(1 mark). Social exclusion affects people from poorer areas worst according to Source C where we can see that Glasgow City and Dundee City, which have the most unemployment have the highest levels of long standing illness (22% and 17% respectively) (1 mark). This is further backed up in Source B where we can see that the same two poorest areas (Glasgow and Dundee) have the highest number of premature deaths. (1 mark) 3 marks in total for this section – A heading (underlined), a solid conclusion and good evidence using more than one source.

7. Tips • Link more than just two sources if possible – use 3 • Look at the source overall rather than just one part of it • Use evaluate language – more than, less than, quicker, higher, significantly, dropped, increased, substantially, double, majority, halved • Make comments on your findings

8. How to write your answer Links between social exclusion and local authority area My conclusion is that urban councils have higher levels of social exclusion compared to rural councils. Source A states that social exclusion is not equally spread across Scotland and that there is a difference between urban and rural areas (1 mark). This would be backed up by Source C which shows that Dundee (5.8%) and Glasgow (45%) have a higher percentage of the national share of the poorest parts of the country(1 mark). There is further evidence in Source B to back this point up as Glasgow and Dundee have by far the highest levels of premature deaths, whereas more rural places such as Scottish Borders and Aberdeenshire have much lower premature death rates(1 mark). You can see that in this paragraph ALL THREE SOURCES have been linked (this is good but may not always be possible – but link at least two sources always).

9. How to write your answer • You must now give an overall conclusion. This is worth up to 2 marks. • The best way to do this is to conclude about each of the two headings. • Overall Conclusion • Overall, the evidence from each of the Sources A-C does suggest that social exclusion has a big impact in Scotland as it would appear that the poorest areas do have worse health and poorer social and economic data. (only 1 mark) This conclusion only uses the 1st heading. • Overall Conclusion • Overall, the evidence does suggest from Sources A-C that the factors that lead to social exclusion are strongly linked so that where social exclusion is greatest, health will be poorest. It is also clear that there is a link between local authority area and social exclusion whereby the more urban LA’s have higher levels of social exclusion than rural LA’s Refers to both headings (2 marks)

10. Steps to Remember for Conclusion Questions… • Put the first bullet point as a heading. • Highlight information in sources and find conclusions. • Write a conclusion about the point (e.g. “In conclusion this shows…”. • Give evidence from more than one source to support a conclusion (aim for three marks per heading). • Explain the statistics • Repeat steps 1-5 for the second bullet point. • Put the heading “Overall Conclusion” and come to an overall conclusion about the general focus of the question. (e.g. for the last question you did – an overall conclusion about Social Exclusion in Scotland).

11. Was I successful? • Using sources I can make conclusions based on evidence relating to specific prompts given in the question. • I can demonstrate how to answer a conclusion question.