Through the Years

1. Through the Years 1940

2. Notebook Setup: 5b Through the Years 1940 Pacific Where was the U.S. Pacific Fleet based and where wasit moved to? What is Operation “Z” ? West Why do you think Hitler held off Attack for Dunkirk Where did Hitler make the France Surrender? East What happened in the Katyn Forest? What changed in 1991?

3. May 15: President Roosevelt moves the US Pacific Fleet from California,to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. September: Japanese begin to take over nations in Asia; Vietnam,Cambodia, Laos.

4. December: Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto reveals Operation Z to hisChief of Staff, an attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to destroy the USPacific Fleet.

5. The German Invasion of Norway. Below is the German Cycle Battalion. Above is the Norwegian Ski Patrol

6. German troops in 1941 on the Russian Front There are still Bicycle Corps today! Hope they didn’t pedal all the way there!

7. Finally Soviet troops break the Finnish defense forces and Finland asksfor peace. Finland is not annexed into the USSR, but must give up someland to the USSR. The Russo-Finnish Winter War wages on January 1940: Finland continues to embarrass the USSR in the Winter War. In 1941 the United States introduces a K-9 Corps!

8. March 1940: The Soviet Secret Police (NKVD) takes 30,000 Polish officers and leaders from the "liberated" areas of the now defunct Poland and executes them. They are buried in Katyn forest; this was to deny Poland any type of leadership. The USSR would not admit to this during the War. Russia finally fessed up in 1991, more than fifty years later!

9. Germany sets eyes on Norway and Denmark March/April 1940 Why do you think Hitler would want to go after Denmark and Norway? Something that Hitler Could rely on was collaborators. People who were willing to help their country’s enemies. Norwegian Fascist Party Leader Quisling provided funds and information to the Germans. Now they use his name as a synonym for “traitor”.

10. May 10, 1940 Hitler Continues with the Offensive Hitler Continues with his offensive and goes to invade the ‘low countries’ Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg are all in his path. Luxembourg falls in one day, Netherlands in 5

11. Dutch City of Rotterdam resisted attack. Hitler sends in his air force. The city tries to negotiate and as a surrender is being drafted, Hitler does not stop his air raid. He levels the heart of the city to the ground. Belgium surrenders in weeks by the end of May.

12. May 15: A concentration camp in Auschwitz, Poland, is begun to be built for Polish prisoners.

13. Between May 27th and June 4th 340,000 men are evacuated from Dunkirk. While this was a defeat the rescue mission boosted British morale. The Downside was that with much of the British troops moving out, the French would be left to fight alone. Now Hitler has a position he wants. He can out flank the French Maginot Line. Nazi’s move in and cut off Allies Troops moving the English channel. They attempt to evacuate from the French Seaport of Dunkirk but their supplies are taken. Britain is ordered to go provide aid. Hitler holds off his attack on the ground for three entire days. Fall of France Animation

14. A month after Germany takes over France, Adolf Hitler issues Directive No. 16- Preparations for a landing operation against England. Never happens because Hitler is never able to totally beat the Royal Air Force. June 14th, 1940- Germany takes France. Adolf Hitler proclaims this the best day of his life.

15. June 22: France formally surrenders to Germany. The signing ceremony isheld in the Forest de Compiegne, in the same rail car in which Germanyhad surrendered to France in 1918

16. Battle of Britain Goes on to last 10 months It was the Luftwaffe versus the Royal Air Force “Never in the field of human conflict has so much been owed buy so many to so few” By the end of June Churchill braced the British people for an inevitable battle that lay ahead. Hitler wanted to destroy the morale of the British people so that they would loose the will to fight.

18. October 1940 United States Begins the Draft Actual Draft Card from 1941

20. Through the Years 1941

21. Notebook Setup: 5C Through the Years 1941 Pacific Why were the Japanese upset with Americans? What happened on December 7th? West What were German forces fighting in Africa called? What law/act allowed the British to buy US military goods? What two countries formed Pact of Steel? East What country did Hitler have to delay invading because he had to bail out Italy? What city was under Siege for 900 days? What happened at BabiYar?

22. Battle of Britain Goes on to last 10 months It was the Luftwaffe versus the Royal Air Force “Never in the field of human conflict has so much been owed buy so many to so few” By the end of June Churchill braced the British people for an inevitable battle that lay ahead. Hitler wanted to destroy the morale of the British people so that they would loose the will to fight.

24. What were some new technologies in WWII?

25. The Battle of Britain was important because it was the first battle fought by air force The Royal Air Force (R.A.F.) had developed radar, a new technology that allowed them to ‘track’ the enemy. Why would this be a significant development? What type of warfare had the Germans been using?

26. By mid 1941 much of the Nightly Bombing raids had stopped  Germany was moving their resources toward the East for Battle. Hitler had his eyes set on the USSR. The Battle of Britain wages on.

28. Happy St. Patty’s Day!!!!

29. America: Isolationist Nation • 1935-1937: Neutrality Acts • The United States expresses a desire to stay neutral in future wars. • These acts also prohibited America from selling war equipment to belligerent (warring) nations.

30. American isolationists felt that the war in Europe did not concern them. But after the evacuation at Dunkirk and the Fall of France, American sympathies for Great Britain increased.

31. March 11: President Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act Churchill says gives us the tools and we’ll finish the job” So we begin sending. The united States intentions are now obvious.

32. In May the British Sink the German Battleship Bismark. In May the Germans will sink the British Aircraft Carrier Ark Royal

33. Aug 14: Roosevelt and Churchill announce the Atlantic Charter

34. Atlantic Charter: No Territorial gain Would allow no territorial gain without questioning the people concerned. Respected the right of the people to choose their own form of government. Believed that all countries/ nations should have equal rights to trade and and raw materials. Wanted nations to cooperate in economic matters and to ensure everyone a decent standard of living Believed people everywhere should have the right to security and freedom from want and fear. Believed freedom of the sea should be guaranteed Nations must abolish use of force and establish a system of general security (this implies the formation of an international organization.

35. Hitler’s New Order- Hitler wanted to organize the European continent into a single political and economic system rule from Berlin and dominated by the Aryan race • “Final Solution”- Hitler’s answer to the “Jewish Question”, included annihilation of the entire Jewish population • This was possible because most people in German were passive to Hitler. Hitler also believed that the Soviet Union should have a role in it, supplying food and resources. They were of no concern to Hitler and he believed they were racially inferior.

36. Hitler has made his pact with Mussolini In doing so, he agrees to delay his invasion of Russia to help Mussolini by invading Yugoslavia and Greece. Later it is argued that this decision contributed to Germanys decline

37. Then Hitler signs a neutrality pact with Turkey, partly because he has his eyes set on invading the Soviet Union By November 1941 Hitler invades Yugoslavia but they won’t “let” him take power. He crushes the army within two weeks. And next was Greece. The British flee to Crete  which Germans captured in May

38. January- February While Hitler is focused on Yugoslavia and Greece he sends General Rommel and the Afrikacorps to fight in northern Africa. The results prove to be disastrous as the Germans are eventually forced to surrender. Rommel is later nicknamed ‘Desert Fox’ Rommel earned his nickname while he achieved his greatest acclaim as a commander. He is still known as one of the greatest commanders in desert warfare. His units were not convicted of any war crimes and Rommel was known for refuses orders of inhumanity. He later fought on the beaches of Normandy. In 1944 he was accused of being part of the plot to kill Hitler. The pressure and shame led him to commit suicide before the end of the war. Desert Fox!

39. Operation Barbarossa This was named for a German King who had invaded Russia during Medieval times

40. June 22: Largest attack in human history; Germany launches massiveinvasion of the USSR; Red Army and Red Air Force caught totally offguard and suffer major defeat after major defeat.

42. The average ration for the Soviet soldier during the siege of Leningrad was 900 calories. Some of you eat more than that for breakfast! August 20th, the Germans surround Leningrad . They put the city under siege. Hitler doesn’t want to fight, he just wants to starve the city, wipe it off the map and replace it with a lake. The siege of Leningrad goes on to last 900 and costs millions of lives. June 22nd Hitler launches his attack on the Soviet Union. He does not declare war.

43. Piskarovkoye Cemetery in Leningrad is where the dead were taken eachday. Over 300,000 are buried there in mass unmarked graves. Each rectangle represents 10,000 bodies.

45. Germany is not doing bad. • Sept 3: Germans take the city of Kiev, the 3rd largest city in the USSR; • they murder over 30,000 Jews outside the city at BabiYar. • Oct 2: Germans begin push to take Moscow There’s just one problem…. German’s had forgotten about the Russian Winter! This is when Russia chooses to launch a counter attack. Because they can sustain the cold temperatures they have an advantage in the fight.

46. Dec 6: Germans pushed back by Red Army troops from Siberia (Soviets knew from spies that Japan would attack USA, not USSR, so these troops could be taken from Siberia to help in Moscow)

47. Hitler is angry and blames his Generals for recent German losses in the war. On December 18th he takes over command, not knowing the worst is yet to come.

48. July 26: Relations between USA and Japan are broken off; all Japaneseassets in USA are seized. Aug 1: USA states it will no longer sell oil to Japan

49. Battleship Row @ Pearl Harbor

50. Early on December 7th Japanese pilots fly into Pearl Harbor to attack. December 8th United States declares war on Japan and Australia is named the last stronghold of the Pacific Tojo’s Reps are STILL in Washington for ‘Peace Mission’ conference.