Utilization and effectiveness of telephone counseling for African-Americans

1. Utilization and effectiveness of telephone counseling for African-Americans Empirical and experimental research Prepared for the NAQC Seminar, Ensuring Quality Quitline Services to Priority Populations: Challenges and Opportunities Vance Rabius, PhD October 9, 2009

2. Quitline and Disparities • Is Quitline relevant in our efforts to alleviate disparities in health care for African-Americans? • Do African-Americans use Quitline? • Quitline use is a function of promotion. • Do African-Americans benefit from Quitline?

3. Empirical Research Partners

4. Quitline Utilization • African-Americans tend to use Quitline services in proportions • greater than their representation in the smoking community • Texas - 2001-2008 - 28,559 Quitline callers • 18% of Quitline callers and • 9% of Texas smokers and • 12% of Texas population are African-American • Louisiana - 2005-2008 - 13,861 Quitline callers • 33% of Quitline callers and • 26% of Louisiana smokers and • 33% of Louisiana population are African-American • Washington DC - 2006-2008 - 3,050 Quitline callers • 89% of Quitline callers and • 63% of Washington DC smokers and • 57% of Washington DC population are African-American

5. Clinical Trial I - 2000-2001 Design 2-group treatment/control Self-help materials vs. self-help materials and access to up to 5 telephone counseling sessions Phase I & II – 3522 clients Results Counseling benefits young adult smokers Health Psychology Article

6. Quitline Benefits • African-Americans tend to benefit from Quitline services at rates comparable to European-Americans Quit Rates as a Function of Treatment and Race/Ethnicity African-American European-American N = 3523, 15% African-American - Clinical Trial I - Presented at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Behavioral Medicine, Washington, DC ( April 2002)

7. Clinical Trial II - 2002-2004 Effects of number and duration of counseling sessions talk time – boosters 6,322 participants 3 x 2 plus control 3 counseling protocols w/ or w/out access to boosters Tobacco Control Article

8. Quitline Benefits by Race/Ethnicity • African-American Quitline callers tend to display comparable rates of current depressive mood and comparable quit rates as European-American callers • African-American - 45.2% Sad or Blue European-American – 45.5% Sad or Blue Quit Rates as a Function of Treatment and Race/Ethnicity African-American European-American N = 6,322, 17% African-American - Clinical Trial II - Presented at the 2007 Cancer Disparities Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana ( April 2007)

9. Citations: Rabius, V, McAlister, AL, Geiger, A, Huang, P, & Todd, R. (2004). Telephone Counseling Increases Cessation Rates among Young Smokers. Health Psychology, 23, 539-541. Rabius, V, Pike, KJ, Hunter, J, Wiatrek, D, & McAlister, AL. (2007). Effectiveness of Frequency and Duration in Telephone Counseling for Smoking Cessation. Tobacco Control. 16, Suppl 1, i71-i74. Contact information: Vance Rabius, PhD Senior Scientist American Cancer Society National Cancer Information Center 11701 Stonehollow Drive Austin, TX 78758 512-997-3920 - phone 512-997-3961 - fax vrabius@cancer.org - email