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Chapter 2.2 - Acids and Bases

p. 42-43 in Prentice Hall Biology, Miller and Levine. Chapter 2.2 - Acids and Bases. Double, double toil and trouble ; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble…. What just happened with the witches and their pink potion?. Indicators. Chemicals that respond to a change in H ion concentration

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Chapter 2.2 - Acids and Bases

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  1. p. 42-43 in Prentice Hall Biology, Miller and Levine Chapter 2.2 - Acids and Bases

  2. Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble… • What just happened with the witches and their pink potion?

  3. Indicators • Chemicals that respond to a change in H ionconcentration • Change color depending on whether substance is an acid or a base • Examples: • litmus paper • phenolphthalein

  4. Ions • What is an ion? • Answer: positively or negatively charged atom

  5. What is an Acid? • A compound that forms H+ ions in a solution • Example: Hydrochloric acid produced by stomach to digest food (HCl), carbonic acid in carbonated pop (HCO3), sulfuric acid in car batteries (H2SO4)

  6. Characteristics of Acids • Contains Hydrogen (H+) • Turns litmus paper red • Tastes sour • Dissolves metal

  7. What is a Base? • A compound that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution • Example: Lye

  8. Characteristics of Bases • Contains Hydroxide • Turns litmus paper blue • Tastes bitter • Feels slippery

  9. How Do We Measure Acids and Bases? • The pH scale • What does pH stand for • Power of Hydrogen • Scale ranges from 0 to 14

  10. pH Scale: Acids • Acids have a pH below 7 • Strong acids range from 1 to 3 • Strong acid example: HCl

  11. pH Scale: Bases • Bases have a pH above 7 • Strong bases range from 11 to 14 • Strong base example: lye, bleach, drano, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

  12. pH Scale • pH increases tenfold

  13. Water, Acids and Bases • A water molecule can react to form ions

  14. Water is Neutral • Why is pure water considered “neutral”? • Pure water pH = 7 • Number of positive hydrogen ions equal to negative hydroxide ions produced

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